tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-69951781165882151152024-03-27T23:47:32.659+06:00Programming Boss: Programming for BeginnersProgramming Boss is a website for programming skills sharing. This website lets Users learn C/C++, Java, HTML, Python, and robotics. We make coding fun. We teach and share how to code, make robots, program robots, and program Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry, etc. We share interesting IoT, Embedded system projects with sensors and electronics. The programming boss shares a step-by-step process using images and video tutorials. This is the best place to learn basic programming and programming exercises.Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.comBlogger153125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-65679283555792608962024-02-02T04:18:00.000+06:002024-02-02T04:18:22.396+06:00Achieving Full-Duplex Serial Communication Between Two ESP32 Boards<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> The ESP32 microcontroller, renowned for its robust features and wireless capabilities, enables seamless bidirectional communication through full-duplex communication. This article delves into implementing full-duplex communication between two ESP32 modules using the UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) interface. Which is also known as serial communication. We will explain the code for both the sender and receiver, exploring the intricacies of simultaneous data transmission and reception.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Component list</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To establish a serial communication between esp32, we are going to need the following components:</span></p><div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ESP32 Modules: </strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Two ESP32 microcontrollers for bidirectional communication.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">USB Cable: </strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">For programming and power.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Jumper Wires: </strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">To connect TX and RX pins, and establish a common ground.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Power Source: </strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Depending on your setup, you might need a power source for each ESP32.</span></span></li></ul><p></p></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Circuit Diagram from ESP32 to ESP32 UART Communication</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Before we embark on the code explanation, it's essential to have a clear understanding of the hardware setup. Ensure you have two ESP32 modules available and connect them as follows:</span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the TX pin of ESP32-A to the RX pin of ESP32-B.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the TX pin of ESP32-B to the RX pin of ESP32-A.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Establish a common ground by connecting the GND pins of both ESP32 modules.</span></li></ul><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTKNxZm-EUpFbkERb3QEnNhOcfS9on-3TTNDpKNFKcGEFWjQqohj98DNjdjJc5ONFmepQQre6ewxq7CxPPBMaxorA1tdltGYQHnvqfYqsytw_HE2CIjXbuYRANflTH9Kpe0JIRnAibtRmTyMe1HE8bmSC0vP1U7UIEHYKwRaCLHYEig4yNQnT7PB0hkNbf/s600/Achieving%20Full-Duplex%20Communication%20Between%20Two%20ESP32%20Boards.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Achieving Full-Duplex Communication Between Two ESP32 Boards" border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTKNxZm-EUpFbkERb3QEnNhOcfS9on-3TTNDpKNFKcGEFWjQqohj98DNjdjJc5ONFmepQQre6ewxq7CxPPBMaxorA1tdltGYQHnvqfYqsytw_HE2CIjXbuYRANflTH9Kpe0JIRnAibtRmTyMe1HE8bmSC0vP1U7UIEHYKwRaCLHYEig4yNQnT7PB0hkNbf/w640-h480/Achieving%20Full-Duplex%20Communication%20Between%20Two%20ESP32%20Boards.jpg" title="Achieving Full-Duplex Communication Between Two ESP32 Boards" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Connection Diagram for ESP32 Serial Communication</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Certainly! Let's delve into the code for both the sender and receiver ESP32 modules, providing a detailed explanation of each section.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Sender ESP32 Code</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The following Arduino code is for the sender esp32 or esp32-A.</span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">// Sender ESP32 Code<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void setup() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.begin(115200); // Initialize serial communication for USB<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial2.begin(115200, SERIAL_8N1, 16, 17); // Initialize Serial2 for external communication (TX: 16, RX: 17)<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void loop() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (Serial.available() > 0) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String message = Serial.readStringUntil('\n'); // Read message from USB serial<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial2.println("Sender says: " + message); // Send message to Serial2<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (Serial2.available() > 0) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String message = Serial2.readStringUntil('\n'); // Read message from Serial2<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("Received from Receiver: ");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println(message); // Print received message to USB serial<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Explanation:</span></h4><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">1. Serial Initialization:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <b> - Serial.begin(115200);:</b> This line initializes the Serial object for USB communication with a baud rate of 115200.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">2. Serial2 Initialization:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> - Serial2.begin(115200, SERIAL_8N1, 16, 17);:</b> This line initializes Serial2 for external communication with a baud rate of 115200, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. The pins 16 and 17 are specified as the TX and RX pins, respectively.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">3. Sender Input Handling:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> - if (Serial.available() > 0):</b> This condition checks if there is any data available from the USB serial (connected to Serial). If true, it reads the message until a newline character is encountered using `Serial.readStringUntil('\n')`.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <b> - Serial2.println("Sender says: " + message);:</b> This line sends the received message appended with "Sender says:" to Serial2, representing the outgoing message from the sender to the receiver.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">4. Receiver Response Handling:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> - if (Serial2.available() > 0): </b>This condition checks if there is any data available from Serial2 (external communication). If true, it reads the incoming message until a newline character is encountered.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> - Serial.print("Received from Receiver: "); Serial.println(message);:</b> This line prints the received message from the receiver to the USB serial for monitoring and debugging.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Receiver ESP32 Code</span></h3><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The following Arduino code is for receiver esp32 or esp32-B.</span></div></div><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">//Receiver esp32 code<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void setup() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.begin(115200); // Initialize serial communication for USB<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial2.begin(115200, SERIAL_8N1, 16, 17); // Initialize Serial2 for external communication (TX: 16, RX: 17)<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void loop() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (Serial.available() > 0) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String message = Serial.readStringUntil('\n'); // Read message from USB serial<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial2.println("Receiver says: " + message); // Send message to Serial2<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (Serial2.available() > 0) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String message = Serial2.readStringUntil('\n'); // Read message from Serial2<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("Received from Sender: ");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println(message); // Print received message to USB serial<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Receiver esp32 code Explanation:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The receiver code follows a similar structure to the sender code.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">1. Serial Initialization:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> - Serial.begin(115200);:</b> Initializes the Serial object for USB communication with a baud rate of 115200.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">2. Serial2 Initialization:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> - Serial2.begin(115200, SERIAL_8N1, 16, 17);: </b>Initializes Serial2 for external communication with the same configuration as the sender.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">3. Receiver Input Handling:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> - if (Serial.available() > 0):</b> Checks if there is any data available from the USB serial. If true, it reads the message until a newline character is encountered.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <b>- Serial2.println("Receiver says: " + message);:</b> Sends the received message appended with "Receiver says:" to Serial2, representing the outgoing message from the receiver to the sender.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">4. Sender Response Handling:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> - if (Serial2.available() > 0):</b> Checks if there is any data available from Serial2 (communication from the sender). If true, it reads the incoming message until a newline character is encountered.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> - Serial.print("Received from Sender: "); Serial.println(message);: </b>Prints the received message from the sender to the USB serial for monitoring and debugging.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Testing Full-Duplex Communication Between ESP32</span></h3><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Upload Code:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> - Upload the sender code to ESP32-A and the receiver code to ESP32-B using the Arduino IDE.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Serial Monitor:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> - Open the Serial Monitor for both ESP32-A and ESP32-B to observe the bidirectional communication. Messages sent by the sender should be received by the receiver, and vice versa.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Key Points to Note</span></h3><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Simultaneous Communication:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> - The code in both the sender and receiver modules allows for simultaneous communication. The sender can send messages to the receiver, and vice versa, without interrupting the flow of communication.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">UART Configuration:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> - The `Serial2.begin(115200, SERIAL_8N1, 16, 17);` line initializes the second hardware serial (`Serial2`) with a baud rate of 115200, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. Adjust these parameters based on your specific requirements.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Message Handling:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> - Messages are sent and received using the `Serial.println` and `Serial2.println` functions. The newline character (`'\n'`) delimits messages, enabling the receiver to read complete messages.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adaptability:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> - The provided code is a foundation that can be adapted for various projects. Whether you're working on IoT applications, sensor networks, or remote control systems, understanding full-duplex communication is crucial.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> Conclusion</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Implementing full-duplex communication between ESP32 modules enhances the capabilities of your projects by enabling simultaneous data transmission and reception. By leveraging the UART interface and understanding the intricacies of the code, you have the flexibility to adapt the communication protocol to suit the specific requirements of your applications. As you explore the vast possibilities of bidirectional communication, you'll be well-equipped to build sophisticated and interconnected systems using ESP32 microcontrollers.</span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-920551781190302232024-01-29T01:32:00.005+06:002024-03-06T11:48:56.416+06:00Interfacing Vibration Sensor Module with Arduino<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhufmR_yZbVsBUx87iVAVqVprztKjkmXqOGDa00F7UDgdDwEftyy1Ct254Uri3MN5cRP2HY2K-XcZc3mE4UqL1zwLHdH_oQPpsKdTqUY45HFT6_GshkCkQeKO6CHgapZlWC5neXY661ikiEGA6j9DMLnNSyY8IF0xgIn303m9WFQcpzZVNP8VX3zBUO3w66/w640-h480/Interfacing%20Vibration%20Sensor%20Modules%20with%20Arduino%20uno.jpg" style="display: none;" /><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Vibration sensor modules play a crucial role in various electronic projects, enabling the detection of movements and vibrations in the surrounding environment. In this guide, we'll delve into the basics of using a vibration sensor module with an Arduino. We'll explore the key components, and wiring, and provide a detailed explanation of the Arduino code for a practical use case—building an intruder detection system.</span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Understanding Vibration Sensor Modules</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This module typically consists
of a <b>piezoelectric</b> element that generates a voltage when subjected to
vibrations. The module translates these vibrations into electrical
signals that can be read by a microcontroller.</span></p><div><h3><span style="font-family: arial;">How Vibration Sensor ModuleWorks</span></h3><strong style="font-family: arial;">Piezoelectric Effect:</strong><span style="font-family: arial;"> The core of the vibration sensor module relies on the piezoelectric effect. When subjected to mechanical stress (vibrations), the piezoelectric material generates a voltage proportional to the applied force.</span><br /><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Signal Output:</strong> The voltage generated is converted into a digital or analog signal, depending on the type of sensor module. Digital sensors produce a binary output (high or low), while analog sensors provide a range of values corresponding to the intensity of vibrations. We are going to use the <b>140c001</b> <b>vibration sensor</b> module. We can also use the <b>SW-420 vibration sensor</b>.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimV50KwQNLgrDAid7AOhU6GZTYYJrjnM-SiOlu2PVzoKdRbaIo2SSGSMIeQ_TREMiNLXptOiIn_PQ0m4MQJuYB1odCL1_gm2xZYH9S__G-gBriYBNamuILBRlMEvq5zEhckbRsokURgRm-yY6sekyBsTlzVtzdwfrLUQtAQBphgR6XsFk2R-8li8PNnq22/s800/sw-420-vibration-sensor.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Interfacing Vibration Sensor Modules with Arduino" border="0" data-original-height="347" data-original-width="800" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimV50KwQNLgrDAid7AOhU6GZTYYJrjnM-SiOlu2PVzoKdRbaIo2SSGSMIeQ_TREMiNLXptOiIn_PQ0m4MQJuYB1odCL1_gm2xZYH9S__G-gBriYBNamuILBRlMEvq5zEhckbRsokURgRm-yY6sekyBsTlzVtzdwfrLUQtAQBphgR6XsFk2R-8li8PNnq22/w640-h278/sw-420-vibration-sensor.png" title="Interfacing Vibration Sensor Modules with Arduino" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">SW-420 vibration sensor</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><div><h2><span style="font-family: arial;">Wiring the Vibration Sensor Module with Arduino</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: arial;">For this guide, we'll use a basic setup to connect the vibration sensor module to an Arduino Uno.</span></p><h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Components Needed</span></h3><ol><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino Uno</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Vibration sensor module</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Jumper wires</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">LED or Buzzer (Optional)</span></li></ol><h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Wiring Instructions</span></h3><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Follow the circuit diagram to Interfacing Vibration Sensor Modules with Arduino.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8_cqXLHXdsjRTyxpV3QBBBXkzi2Ndint8Un6REvuOA-mmMLgJt6sudoq5g7BiV3ZBqQK75XPb4wn35X8Z61vBJdItEeXgl6Sjm8psz37nNOF8uSBuCz-vW-60ifOZlvKZCxxkLuBHbUMQKUo9UZvyo3TWR93h9P99LYSNIxRx_fAD4gSOC_YSbOyQS1DW/s1271/Interfacing%20Vibration%20Sensor%20Module%20with%20Arduino.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Circuit diagram of Vibration Sensor Module with Arduino" border="0" data-original-height="831" data-original-width="1271" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8_cqXLHXdsjRTyxpV3QBBBXkzi2Ndint8Un6REvuOA-mmMLgJt6sudoq5g7BiV3ZBqQK75XPb4wn35X8Z61vBJdItEeXgl6Sjm8psz37nNOF8uSBuCz-vW-60ifOZlvKZCxxkLuBHbUMQKUo9UZvyo3TWR93h9P99LYSNIxRx_fAD4gSOC_YSbOyQS1DW/w640-h418/Interfacing%20Vibration%20Sensor%20Module%20with%20Arduino.jpeg" title="Circuit diagram of Vibration Sensor Module with Arduino" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Circuit diagram of Vibration Sensor Module with Arduino</span></td></tr></tbody></table></p></div><ol><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the Vibration sensor's<strong><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-weight: 400; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>VCC</b></span></strong> pin to the <strong>5V output</strong> on the Arduino.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the Vibration sensor's<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: bold;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-weight: 400; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>pin to any ground (GND) pin on the Arduino.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the Vibration sensor's<strong><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; font-weight: 400; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(102, 255, 102); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>OUT</b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #656565; font-family: arial; font-weight: 400;"> </span>pin</strong> to any digital input pin on the Arduino (e.g., digital pin 2).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect a buzzer or LED to another digital pin on the Arduino to serve
as an alert indicator. For example, connect the positive (anode) leg of
the LED to digital pin 3 and the negative (cathode) leg to GND. If using
a buzzer, connect it to a digital pin and a GND pin.</span></li></ol><div><div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The setup will look like this:</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8694737881162547" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-slot="6639998189" style="display: block; text-align: center;"></ins><script>
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</script><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOUH-ZYq56oi658uJzZWtvVkHMJpc0LSXjNxnonxCArEatx5PyuWZwdDEzGCIgZXyqcZWQ1xB3AUTCgk83o0XKaqoTae4wlAr2yOYesPYZ2bkhTMmYkoc7iweu1UlgE9jNripF3naxGxFPeN33Z_yS0uQfIXm1cpvUb5wvJBSkzkHNFDgQ9mAJ6qVv9Qx/s599/Interfacing%20Vibration%20Sensor%20Modules%20with%20Arduino.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Interfacing Vibration Sensor Modules with Arduino" border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="599" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOUH-ZYq56oi658uJzZWtvVkHMJpc0LSXjNxnonxCArEatx5PyuWZwdDEzGCIgZXyqcZWQ1xB3AUTCgk83o0XKaqoTae4wlAr2yOYesPYZ2bkhTMmYkoc7iweu1UlgE9jNripF3naxGxFPeN33Z_yS0uQfIXm1cpvUb5wvJBSkzkHNFDgQ9mAJ6qVv9Qx/w640-h480/Interfacing%20Vibration%20Sensor%20Modules%20with%20Arduino.png" title="Interfacing Vibration Sensor Modules with Arduino" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Interfacing Vibration Sensor Modules with Arduino</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><ol></ol></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino code for vibration sensor module</span></h3></div></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Use the following Arduino code to implement Vibration Sensor Modules with any Arduino board:</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><p><strike>const int sensorPin = 2; // Digital pin connected to the sensor's OUT pin<br />const int alertPin = 3; // Digital pin connected to the buzzer or LED<br />void setup() {<br /> Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication<br /> pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT); // Set sensor pin as input<br /> pinMode(alertPin, OUTPUT); // Set alert pin as output<br />}<br />void loop() {<br /> int sensorValue = digitalRead(sensorPin); // Read the digital value from the sensor<br /> if (sensorValue == HIGH) {<br /> Serial.println("Vibration detected!");<br /> digitalWrite(alertPin, HIGH); // Activate alert (buzzer or LED)<br /> delay(1000); // Alert for 1 second<br /> digitalWrite(alertPin, LOW); // Turn off alert<br /> } else {<br /> Serial.println("No Vibration ");<br /> }<br /> delay(500); // Delay for 0.5 seconds before the next check<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p><h3>Code Explanation</h3><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Variable Declarations</h4><p style="text-align: left;"> - const int sensorPin = 2: Defines a constant variable for the digital pin connected to the sensor's OUT pin.<br /> - const int alertPin = 3: Defines a constant variable for the digital pin connected to the buzzer or LED.</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">Setup Function</h4><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>void setup() {<br /> Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication<br /> pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT); // Set sensor pin as input<br /> pinMode(alertPin, OUTPUT); // Set alert pin as output<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Serial.begin(9600);: Initializes serial communication at a baud rate of 9600, allowing the Arduino to communicate with a connected computer via the Serial Monitor.</li><li>pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);: Configures the sensor pin as an input to read digital values.</li><li>pinMode(alertPin, OUTPUT);: Configures the alert pin as an output to control the buzzer or LED.</li></ul><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Loop Function</h4><div style="text-align: left;"><strike>void loop() {<br /> int sensorValue = digitalRead(sensorPin); // Read the digital value from the sensor<br /> if (sensorValue == HIGH) {<br /> Serial.println("Intruder detected!");<br /> digitalWrite(alertPin, HIGH); // Activate alert (buzzer or LED)<br /> delay(1000); // Alert for 1 second<br /> digitalWrite(alertPin, LOW); // Turn off alert<br /> } else {<br /> Serial.println("No intruder");<br /> }<br /> delay(500); // Delay for 0.5 seconds before the next check<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>int sensorValue = digitalRead(sensorPin);: Reads the digital value from the vibration sensor and stores it in the sensorValue variable.</li><li>if (sensorValue == HIGH) { ... } else { ... }: Checks if the sensor detects vibrations (HIGH). If true, it indicates an intruder, and the alert mechanism is activated. If false, it prints "No intruder."</li><li>delay(500);: Introduces a delay of 0.5 seconds before the next iteration of the loop, providing a brief pause between sensor readings.</li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;">Uploading code to Arduino</h3><div>To upload the scratch to the Arduino board, follow the following instructions. Select the proper board and port to upload the code. You can use any Arduino board for this project. </div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Select the Correct Board</h4><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>In the Arduino IDE, navigate to the "Tools" menu.</li><li>Click on "Board" and select the specific Arduino board model you are using (e.g., Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano, etc.). Choosing the correct board type is crucial to ensure that the IDE compiles your code for the specific microcontroller on your Arduino.</li></ul></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Select the Correct Port</h4><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Still in the "Tools" menu, go to the "Port" submenu.</li><li>Choose the COM port to which your Arduino is connected. The correct port will usually be labelled with the Arduino board's name (e.g., Arduino Uno) or a similar description.</li></ul></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Upload the Code</h4><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Open the Arduino sketch (code) you want to upload to the Arduino board.</li><li>Click on the right-pointing arrow icon (→) or select "Upload" from the "Sketch" menu.</li><li>The IDE will compile your code and upload it to the selected Arduino board.</li></ul><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Enhancements of the Vibration Sensor</h3><p style="text-align: left;">To extend the capabilities of your intruder detection system, consider incorporating the following enhancements:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_F2V4PC6sC0utI0Tdg1W1u-W8FtRFpOeipx5otdgl1nNWWw587saEn5yvnRnE392oY24mMRVeTQ3U4FuFCgdbgi22pnIUjGbUJrvBpXRAASqsjlkBclIhQCDSRvyzxykbbOC4te9ozRxSnjzwYHZlzl3yw33JOeqZloPp0gOJjW4WCNpwkPuu3cO5A3lu/s1024/vibration%20sensor%20arduino.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Intruder detection system with vibration sensor Arduino" border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_F2V4PC6sC0utI0Tdg1W1u-W8FtRFpOeipx5otdgl1nNWWw587saEn5yvnRnE392oY24mMRVeTQ3U4FuFCgdbgi22pnIUjGbUJrvBpXRAASqsjlkBclIhQCDSRvyzxykbbOC4te9ozRxSnjzwYHZlzl3yw33JOeqZloPp0gOJjW4WCNpwkPuu3cO5A3lu/w640-h640/vibration%20sensor%20arduino.jpeg" title="Intruder detection system with vibration sensor Arduino" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Intruder detection system with vibration sensor Arduino</td></tr></tbody></table><h4 style="text-align: left;">Integrate a GSM Module for SMS Alerts</h4><p style="text-align: left;">Enhance the system's communication by adding a GSM module. This modification allows the Arduino to send SMS alerts, providing a real-time notification mechanism. Integrate this feature to keep users informed even when they are not actively monitoring the system through the Serial Monitor.</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">Combine with a PIR Sensor for Precise Intrusion Detection</h4><p style="text-align: left;">For improved accuracy, integrate a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor alongside the vibration sensor. PIR sensors can detect body heat and motion, complementing the vibration sensor's capabilities. Combining both sensors enhances the system's reliability, reducing false positives and providing a more comprehensive intrusion detection solution.</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">Implement a Password System for Disarming</h4><p style="text-align: left;">Introduce a password-based disarming mechanism to add a layer of security and control over the alert system. Users can input a predefined password to temporarily deactivate the alert, allowing authorized personnel to enter the secured area without triggering the alarm.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Video demonstration of Vibration Sensor Interfacing with Arduino</h3><p style="text-align: left;">In this video, we explored Vibration Sensor Modules and how to interface them with Arduino. We covered basic steps like connecting components, uploading code and demonstrating sensor functionality. Learn how to detect movements and vibrations for your DIY projects.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8nwKt54dFqs" width="320" youtube-src-id="8nwKt54dFqs"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Conclusion</h3><p>Vibration sensor modules are versatile components that find applications in various projects, from security systems to industrial monitoring. By interfacing these modules with Arduino, you can easily create effective and responsive systems. This guide has provided a fundamental understanding of vibration sensor modules, detailed wiring instructions, and a practical example of an intruder detection system using Arduino. Experiment with the provided code and explore further enhancements to adapt this technology to your specific project requirements.</p></div></div></div></div></div><p></p></div></span></div>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-69618233377335089222024-01-22T23:47:00.000+06:002024-01-22T23:47:02.250+06:00ESP8266 ESP-01 Module Datasheet, Pin diagram, Programming using Arduino IDE<p><span style="font-family: arial;">In the dynamic realm of the <b>Internet of Things (IoT)</b>, the <b>ESP-01</b> module has emerged as a powerhouse, captivating DIY electronics enthusiasts and professionals alike. Also known as ESP8266 ESP-01, this compact yet versatile module is a favourite choice for projects spanning from home automation to industrial applications.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3OwvyTb0MEcE03Ul46dHSBXHpZxRxc9PWg6O6VeknL92xOjx2bBsIP79JtJI8MqLyJE2FNBHLMiJtrAIgICmTmKkpCwMPDRhI_eSvo8pStUogjeodSAZUKxnp7rl12Ud_O2IKQz9TmrvJ71STmj-CInT-6Po_5U6sVWH3TtFepD-_4e3kSuIYva1k2385/s800/ESP8266%20ESP-01%20Module%20Datasheet,%20Pin%20diagram,%20Programming%20using%20Arduino%20IDE..png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ESP8266 ESP-01 Module Datasheet, Pin diagram, Programming using Arduino IDE." border="0" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="800" height="423" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3OwvyTb0MEcE03Ul46dHSBXHpZxRxc9PWg6O6VeknL92xOjx2bBsIP79JtJI8MqLyJE2FNBHLMiJtrAIgICmTmKkpCwMPDRhI_eSvo8pStUogjeodSAZUKxnp7rl12Ud_O2IKQz9TmrvJ71STmj-CInT-6Po_5U6sVWH3TtFepD-_4e3kSuIYva1k2385/w640-h423/ESP8266%20ESP-01%20Module%20Datasheet,%20Pin%20diagram,%20Programming%20using%20Arduino%20IDE..png" title="ESP8266 ESP-01 Module Datasheet, Pin diagram, Programming using Arduino IDE." width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Understanding ESP-01:</span></h3>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Overview:</span></h4>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP-01 module is a part of the ESP8266 series, renowned for its low-cost Wi-Fi modules. The ESP-01, specifically, is a compact module with GPIO pins that facilitate seamless integration with various microcontrollers, including Arduino.</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Key Features:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Wi-Fi Connectivity:</strong> The ESP-01 provides reliable Wi-Fi connectivity, enabling devices to communicate over a wireless network.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>GPIO Pins:</strong> Despite its small size, the ESP-01 boasts GPIO pins, facilitating the connection to other devices and sensors.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Low Power Consumption:</strong> An essential feature for battery-operated devices, the ESP-01 excels in power efficiency.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Cost-Effective:</strong> The affordability of the ESP-01 makes it an attractive choice for hobbyists and professionals alike.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP-01 vs. ESP-01S:</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP-01S is an upgraded version of the ESP-01, offering improved features such as enhanced flash memory capacity. While both modules share similarities, the ESP-01S provides additional capabilities, making it suitable for more complex projects.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP-01 Pin Diagram and Pinout Explanation:</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP-01 module, despite its compact size, offers several GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) pins that enable users to interface with other devices and sensors. Understanding the pinout is crucial for successful integration into projects.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Below is the ESP-01 pin diagram along with an explanation of each pin:</span></p><p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN5MBx7h_q6j3-JkXQbCREg1Hb1TrSJgekS3HLeOFPaI7SLTWH_Jv4TqHWRm1CUvEO0v21E0b25aLka1toQHKkMQjcGY6Jq0xvhEM6cAz7rOTrC90UHxx7Ga5QhumkpdjPVLpBF3jZVQIFTpmjAvSdEQGsDnERAb-YsHQA2riQC5u3J_1jd-vzdhd80I9h/s1000/esp-01%20pinout.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1000" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN5MBx7h_q6j3-JkXQbCREg1Hb1TrSJgekS3HLeOFPaI7SLTWH_Jv4TqHWRm1CUvEO0v21E0b25aLka1toQHKkMQjcGY6Jq0xvhEM6cAz7rOTrC90UHxx7Ga5QhumkpdjPVLpBF3jZVQIFTpmjAvSdEQGsDnERAb-YsHQA2riQC5u3J_1jd-vzdhd80I9h/w400-h333/esp-01%20pinout.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><h4><strong><span style="font-family: arial;">VCC (3.3V):</span></strong></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Function:</strong> This is the power supply pin for the ESP-01 module.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Voltage:</strong> The ESP-01 operates on 3.3 volts, and it is essential to provide a stable power source within this range to avoid damage.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">CH_PD (Chip Enable):</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Function:</strong> This pin is the chip-enabled input. It needs to be pulled high to enable the module.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Usage:</strong> Connect CH_PD to VCC to ensure the chip is enabled for normal operation.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">RX (Receive Data):</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Function:</strong> This is the serial data input pin for the module.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Usage:</strong> Connect to the TX pin of the microcontroller or USB-to-serial adapter for data reception.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">TX (Transmit Data):</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Function:</strong> This is the serial data output pin for the module.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Usage:</strong> Connect to the RX pin of the microcontroller or USB-to-serial adapter for data transmission.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">GPIO0 (General Purpose I/O 0):</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Function:</strong> This pin is a general-purpose input/output pin.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Usage:</strong> Depending on the mode (programming or normal operation), GPIO0 should be pulled high or low. For programming, it is typically pulled low.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">RESET:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Function:</strong> This is the reset input for the module.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Usage:</strong> Pulses on this pin reset the module. Connect to the reset circuit for system resets.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">GPIO2 (General Purpose I/O 2):</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Function:</strong> Another general-purpose input/output pin.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Usage:</strong> Its functionality depends on the mode. In normal operation, it can be used for various purposes. During programming, it should be pulled high.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">GND (Ground):</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Function:</strong> Ground reference for the module.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Usage:</strong> Connect to the ground of the power source and other components for a common ground reference.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Pin Configuration Modes:</span></h3>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Programming Mode:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">To enter programming mode, GPIO0 is pulled low while resetting the module.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">TX and RX pins are used for programming data transfer.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Normal Operation Mode:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">GPIO0 and GPIO2 are set for normal operation based on the project requirements.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">CH_PD is pulled high, enabling the chip for regular operation.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Important Considerations:</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Power Supply Stability:</strong> Ensure a stable 3.3V power supply to VCC to prevent instability and potential damage to the module.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Serial Communication:</strong> RX and TX pins facilitate serial communication. Connect them appropriately for data exchange with microcontrollers or other devices.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Programming Mode Activation:</strong> Properly configure GPIO0 and reset the module to switch between programming and normal operation modes.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Reset Functionality:</strong> Use the RESET pin for system resets when necessary.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Getting Started with ESP-01 using Arduino</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Programming ESP-01 Using FTDI Chip</span></h4>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Programming the ESP-01 using an FTDI (Future Technology Devices International) chip is a common and efficient method for uploading firmware and sketches. The FTDI chip acts as a USB-to-serial converter, facilitating communication between your computer and the ESP-01. Follow these steps and the connection diagram below to successfully program your ESP-01.</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Connection Diagram:</span></h4>
<p><strong><span style="font-family: arial;">Before you begin, gather the necessary components:</span></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP-01 module</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">FTDI USB-to-Serial adapter</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Jumper wires</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Breadboard (optional)</span></li>
</ul><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzVSzzKH1jBUvU9sZ2q8LSF8JSxgbcxCh0SwAoHypBRBjxBFFdF1RZ525SHfSXFA4TeLJg4rEXXZBcj1HyLF_2mzxm9ewqarb4ttUnY_2fUwd04OoLT0hx517eIyOH6Irq6TmcRlBjdoDeI0BwfqE71BcYM2qPJpqG5ndxtI46KOTC58ITwfGNzRCx64w0/s800/ESP01%20programming%20with%20FTDI.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzVSzzKH1jBUvU9sZ2q8LSF8JSxgbcxCh0SwAoHypBRBjxBFFdF1RZ525SHfSXFA4TeLJg4rEXXZBcj1HyLF_2mzxm9ewqarb4ttUnY_2fUwd04OoLT0hx517eIyOH6Irq6TmcRlBjdoDeI0BwfqE71BcYM2qPJpqG5ndxtI46KOTC58ITwfGNzRCx64w0/w640-h480/ESP01%20programming%20with%20FTDI.jpg" width="640" /></a></div></div><h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Power Supply:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the ESP-01's<span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>VCC</b></span> pin to the 3.3V output of the FTDI chip.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>(Ground) of the ESP-01 to the<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>of the FTDI chip to establish a common ground.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Serial Communication:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the <span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(102, 255, 102); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>TX</b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #656565; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span> pin of the FTDI chip to the<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(127, 7, 171); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">RX</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>pin of the ESP-01 (usually labelled as GPIO3/RX).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(127, 7, 171); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">RX</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>pin of the FTDI chip to the <span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(102, 255, 102); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>TX</b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #656565; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span>pin of the ESP-01 (usually labelled as GPIO1/TX).</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Programming Mode Configuration:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">To enter programming mode,<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(230, 230, 0); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: #656565; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GPIO0</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>on the ESP-01 must be pulled</span><b style="font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">LOW</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; background: 0px 0px white; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></b></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(230, 230, 0); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: #656565; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GPIO0</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>on the ESP-01 to the<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></b> on the FTDI chip.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Enable Chip:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ffa400; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 164, 0); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: #656565; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">CH_PD</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>(Chip Enable) on the ESP-01 should be connected to<span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>VCC</b></span> on the FTDI chip to enable the chip.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Reset Functionality:</span></h4>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; background: 0px 0px white; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(128, 1, 128); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">RESET</span></b></span></span>pin of the ESP-01 to<span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>VCC</b></span> on the FTDI chip to ensure proper resets during the programming process.</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">FTDI Chip Configuration:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the FTDI chip to your computer via USB.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Ensure you have the necessary drivers installed for the FTDI chip on your computer.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Open Arduino IDE:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Open the Arduino IDE on your computer and install the esp01 board package by following the instructions.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Install ESP8266 Board Package:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Navigate to "File" -> "Preferences" and enter the following URL in the "Additional Boards Manager URLs" field: <strike>http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json<b>alert-info</b></strike></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Go to "Tools" -> "Board" -> "Boards Manager," search for "esp8266," and install the package.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Select Board and Port:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Go to "Tools" -> "Board" and select "Generic ESP8266 Module."</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Choose the appropriate port under "Tools" -> "Port."</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Upload Code:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Write or open your code in the Arduino IDE.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Click the "Upload" button to compile and upload the code to the ESP-01.</span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Video Demonstration of ESP32-based project:</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ifOpx8T6UsU" width="320" youtube-src-id="ifOpx8T6UsU"></iframe></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Troubleshooting Tips:</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Driver Issues:</strong> Ensure the FTDI drivers are correctly installed on your computer.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Correct COM Port:</strong> Verify that you have selected the correct COM port in the Arduino IDE under "Tools" -> "Port."</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Power Supply Stability:</strong> Ensure a stable power supply to the ESP-01 during the programming process.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Check Connections:</strong> Double-check your connections to make sure everything is properly wired.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion:</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">In conclusion, the ESP-01 module is a testament to the incredible capabilities of the ESP8266 series. Whether you are a beginner experimenting with basic projects or an experienced developer tackling complex IoT applications, the ESP-01's versatility makes it an invaluable tool in your electronics arsenal. Embrace the power of ESP-01, unlock its potential, and embark on a journey of innovation in the world of connected devices.</span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-63259728348779853962023-09-09T00:25:00.000+06:002023-09-09T00:25:19.658+06:00How to build IoT based Weather Station Using ESP32 and Node-RED<p><span style="font-family: arial;">In recent years, IoT-based weather stations have gained popularity due to their ability to provide real-time weather data. With the advancements in IoT technologies, building a weather station using off-the-shelf components has become easier. In this article, we will build an IoT-based weather station using ESP32 and Node-RED.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM8AiI3Efvc6AoeS9NcCJzkBklHP3BZqXETSqy8iAdyWPDqxGemhGFBJSVaZec3aWB4_Zk2UdT9lQd72dIGIBdtBTtS_sDDhrU8YNrdhgrD6e6iLlt_hIBURtEtvWz9pw9JD9Z4to2xReTkpK5wHYrXZkFxl0w8Tw1SaKqE5OpAkRg1pyoR-PPxIBZCuUp/s500/IoT%20based%20Weather%20Station%20Using%20ESP32%20Node-RED.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM8AiI3Efvc6AoeS9NcCJzkBklHP3BZqXETSqy8iAdyWPDqxGemhGFBJSVaZec3aWB4_Zk2UdT9lQd72dIGIBdtBTtS_sDDhrU8YNrdhgrD6e6iLlt_hIBURtEtvWz9pw9JD9Z4to2xReTkpK5wHYrXZkFxl0w8Tw1SaKqE5OpAkRg1pyoR-PPxIBZCuUp/s16000/IoT%20based%20Weather%20Station%20Using%20ESP32%20Node-RED.webp" /></a></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">ESP32</span></h3><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32 is a low-cost, low-power system-on-chip microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It has a powerful CPU, plenty of RAM, and built-in peripherals such as sensors and GPIO pins, making it an excellent choice for building IoT devices.</span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Node-RED</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://nodered.org/" target="_blank">Node-RED</a> is an open-source low-programming platform for project prototyping and a quick programming tool. We can quickly implement and test many event-driven IoT project prototypes in a short time. It's free and available for Linux, Android, and Windows platforms. <a href="https://www.programmingboss.com/2020/11/How-to-Install-Node-Red-in-Windows-10.html" target="_blank">Node-RED installation</a> on Windows is simple and straightforward. You can also use <b>Node-RED</b> on an Android device by using the Termux app.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Components Requirements for Weather Station</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ESP32 Development Board</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">BMP180 Barometric Pressure Sensor</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Breadboard</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Jumper Wires</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">MQTT Broker (e.g., Mosquito)</span></li></ul></span></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 1: Setting Up ESP32</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The first step is to set up the ESP32 development board. Connect the board to your computer using a micro-USB cable. Then, open the Arduino IDE and select the appropriate board and port from the Tools menu. </span></p><h3><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 1: ESP32 Code for IoT-based Weather Station</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Upload the code below to the ESP32 board:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">#include <WiFi.h><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#include <PubSubClient.h><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#include <Adafruit_BMP280.h><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#include <DHT.h><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#define DHTPIN 14<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#define DHTTYPE DHT11<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">Adafruit_BMP280 bmp;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* ssid = "your_SSID";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* password = "your_PASSWORD";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* mqtt_server = "your_mqtt_server_address";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* mqtt_user = "your_mqtt_username";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* mqtt_password = "your_mqtt_password";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">WiFiClient espClient;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">PubSubClient client(espClient);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void setup() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.begin(9600);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> delay(1000);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> WiFi.begin(ssid, password);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> delay(1000);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Connected to WiFi");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.setCallback(callback);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (!bmp.begin(0x76)) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Could not find a valid BMP280 sensor, check wiring!");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> while (1);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> dht.begin();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void loop() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (!client.connected()) {<br /></span>
<span style="font-family: arial;"> reconnect();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.loop();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> float temperature = dht.readTemperature();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> float humidity = dht.readHumidity();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> float pressure = bmp.readPressure() / 100.0F;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (isnan(temperature) || isnan(humidity)) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> return;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String temperatureString = String(temperature);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String humidityString = String(humidity);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String pressureString = String(pressure);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String payload = "{\"temperature\": " + temperatureString + ", \"humidity\": " + humidityString + ", \"pressure\": " + pressureString + "}";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.publish("weather", payload.c_str());<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> delay(300000);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("Message arrived [");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print(topic);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("] ");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print((char)payload[i]);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void reconnect() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> while (!client.connected()) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Connecting to MQTT broker...");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (client.connect("ESP32Client", mqtt_user, mqtt_password)) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Connected to MQTT broker");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.subscribe("control");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> } else {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("Failed with state ");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print(client.state());<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> delay(2000);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This code sets up the ESP32 to read data from the DHT and BMP180 sensors. It then connects to a Wi-Fi network and an MQTT broker. The data is published to the "weather" topic every 5 minutes.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">ESP32 Code Explanation</span></h3><div style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">#define DHTPIN 14<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#define DHTTYPE DHT11<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">Adafruit_BMP280 bmp; <b>code-box</b></span></strike></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">These lines define a PIN (DHTPIN) and a DHT sensor type (DHTTYPE) for the DHT11 sensor. Then, a DHT object is instantiated with these parameters. The Adafruit_BMP280 object is also declared without any parameters.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* ssid = "your_SSID";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* password = "your_PASSWORD";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* mqtt_server = "your_mqtt_server_address";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* mqtt_user = "your_mqtt_username";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">const char* mqtt_password = "your_mqtt_password"; <b>code-box</b></span></strike></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">These lines declare several variables as pointers to constant characters (i.e., string literals) for the Wi-Fi network name (SSID), the Wi-Fi network password (password), the MQTT server address (mqtt_server), the MQTT username (mqtt_user), and the MQTT password (mqtt_password). You should replace the placeholders with your Wi-Fi network and MQTT information.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">void setup() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.begin(9600);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> delay(1000);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> WiFi.begin(ssid, password);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> delay(1000);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Connected to WiFi");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.setCallback(callback);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (!bmp.begin(0x76)) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Could not find a valid BMP280 sensor, check wiring!");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> while (1);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> dht.begin();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">} <b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The setup() function is called once when the device is powered on or reset. It sets up the serial communication, connects to the Wi-Fi network, sets up the MQTT client, sets up the callback function for incoming messages, initializes the BMP280 sensor, and initializes the DHT11 sensor.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">void loop() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (!client.connected()) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> reconnect();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.loop();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> float temperature = dht.readTemperature();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> float humidity = dht.readHumidity();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> float pressure = bmp.readPressure() / 100.0F;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (isnan(temperature) || isnan(humidity)) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> return;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String temperatureString = String(temperature);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String humidityString = String(humidity);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String pressureString = String(pressure);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> String payload = "{\"temperature\": " + temperatureString + ", \"humidity\": " + humidityString + ", \"pressure\": " + pressureString + "}";<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.publish("weather", payload.c_str());<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> delay(300000);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">} <b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The loop() function is the program's main loop, executed repeatedly by the ESP32 microcontroller. The function first checks whether the MQTT client is connected to the broker using the if (!client.connected()) statement. If the client is not connected, the reconnect() function is called to attempt to reconnect. </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The client.loop() function is then called to process incoming messages from the MQTT broker. </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The temperature, humidity, and pressure values are read from the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor and BMP280 pressure sensor using the dht.readTemperature(), dht.readHumidity(), and bmp.readPressure() functions, respectively. These values are assigned to float variables: temperature, humidity, and pressure. </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The isnan() function is then used to check whether the temperature and humidity values are valid. If either value is invalid, an error message is printed to the Serial Monitor using the Serial.println() function. If the temperature and humidity values are valid, they are converted to String variables using the String() function. </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The temperature, humidity, and pressure values are then concatenated into a JSON payload using the String payload = "{\"temperature\": " + temperatureString +, "\" humidity\": " + humidityString + ", \"pressure\": " + pressureString + "}" statement. The JSON payload is then published to the MQTT broker using the client.publish() function with the topic "weather". </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Finally, the function waits for 300000 milliseconds (5 minutes) using the delay() function before starting the loop again.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("Message arrived [");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print(topic);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("] ");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print((char)payload[i]);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">} <b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The callback() function is called whenever a message is received from the MQTT broker. The function takes three parameters: topic, payload, and length. The topic parameter is a character array that specifies the topic of the message, the payload is a byte array that contains the message payload, and the length is an integer that specifies the length of the payload. The function first prints a message to the Serial Monitor to indicate that a message has been received using the Serial.print() function.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">void reconnect() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> while (!client.connected()) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Connecting to MQTT broker...");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> if (client.connect("ESP32Client", mqtt_user, mqtt_password)) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("Connected to MQTT broker");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> client.subscribe("control");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> } else {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("Failed with state ");<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Serial.print(client.state());<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> delay(2000);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">} <b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The reconnect() function attempts to connect to the MQTT broker if the initial connection attempt fails or the connection is lost. It enters a while loop and checks if the client is connected to the broker. If not, it attempts to connect to the broker using the client.connect() function with the client ID, MQTT username, and MQTT password. If the connection attempt is successful, the function subscribes to the "control" topic using the client.subscribe() function. If the connection attempt fails, the function waits two seconds before connecting to the broker again. The purpose of the reconnect() function is to maintain a stable connection with the MQTT broker and handle any connection issues that may occur.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 3: Setting Up Node-RED</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The next step is to set up Node-RED. Install Node-RED on your computer or a Raspberry Pi, and install the MQTT and dashboard nodes by running the following command in a terminal:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><strike>npm install -g node-red-contrib-mqtt node-red-dashboard <b>code-box</b></strike></span></p></div><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Once the installation is complete, open Node-RED in a web browser and create a new flow.</span></p></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Step 4: Creating the MQTT Input Node</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In the workspace, drag the "MQTT" input node from the input section of the palette and configure it to subscribe to the "weather" topic.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy8VzsIEK35rdDBo4tZrBT-Z3Crf2Z6ZJHJZ-5rydUqefeROAVsV2SwpqTU79WUdXOJDZsHTbuG1dQpVdYAbBc0-hRG26il3yZrA8-yY5iXbaDkoLHkuljB2ZDb3VnlWUd8vu4PmCYtxeoWtll3Ae8v42tHeS-zLEffFE1dbuszJK4jU1hpfeCs4gNrA90/s888/IoT%20based%20Weather%20Station%20Using%20ESP32%20and%20Node-RED.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="586" data-original-width="888" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy8VzsIEK35rdDBo4tZrBT-Z3Crf2Z6ZJHJZ-5rydUqefeROAVsV2SwpqTU79WUdXOJDZsHTbuG1dQpVdYAbBc0-hRG26il3yZrA8-yY5iXbaDkoLHkuljB2ZDb3VnlWUd8vu4PmCYtxeoWtll3Ae8v42tHeS-zLEffFE1dbuszJK4jU1hpfeCs4gNrA90/w640-h422/IoT%20based%20Weather%20Station%20Using%20ESP32%20and%20Node-RED.webp" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 5: Creating the Function Node in Node-RED</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Drag a "Function" node from the function section of the palette and connect it to the MQTT node. In the function node, add the following code to parse the incoming message:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">var msg1 = msg.payload;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">var msg2 = JSON.parse(msg1);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">var temp = msg2.temperature;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">var hum = msg2.humidity;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">var pres = msg2.pressure;<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">msg.payload = {"payload":{"temperature":temp,"humidity":hum,"pressure":pres}};<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">return msg; <b>code-box</b></span></strike></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This code converts the JSON data received from the ESP32 into separate variables for temperature, humidity, and pressure.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 5: Creating the Dashboard on Node-RED</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Next, drag the "Dashboard" node from the dashboard section of the palette and connect it to the function node. Click on the "Dashboard" tab in the dashboard node and create a new group. Then, configure a "Gauge" node to the group to display the temperature. Add another gauge node to display the humidity and a line chart node to display the pressure.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 6: Testing the weather station</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To test the setup, run the Node-RED flow by clicking the "Deploy" button in the top right corner of the workspace. Now go to localhost:1880/ui to brows the nodered dashboard.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Conclusion</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In this article, we have built an IoT-based weather station using ESP32, MQTT, and Node-RED. Following the steps outlined in this article, you can easily create your weather station and customize it to suit your needs. With the help of Node-RED, you can easily add additional sensors, display the data in different formats, and even create alerts based on specific conditions.</span></p></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-7314898910665010022023-09-06T01:33:00.008+06:002023-09-29T23:01:38.050+06:00ARM vs. AVR Microcontrollers: Understanding ARM and AVR Microcontroller Differences<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX79XDPL744_gTcRZA7iXLRf9_xJd4XfoK_Nrbd5r7q4MGo0_cSVCHvJol6n4BgrQ2FH1f_R1Nv8FMd_Og59UR5tXdH_X3j9Ad1Z_4tgOf3ITnTDjCpzNsAP2lKffVxkFmVCU5a86em5FinSxq7b2QuHJZMk5p45UodtdPFtJHZ2myv6UJhJeqrm_W59ry/w640-h480/ESS_AVR-and-ARM.webp" style="display: none;" />
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #0e101a;">In microcontroller architectures, two names stand out prominently: ARM and AVR. Both have earned their place in electronic designs worldwide, powering everything from your smart thermostat to drones flying overhead. But what makes them distinct? How do you choose between the two for a particular project?</span></span></p><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #0e101a;">Dive in as we unravel the intricacies of ARM and AVR microcontrollers in this comprehensive comparison.</span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">ARM vs. AVR Microcontrollers</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">In the vast domain of microcontrollers, ARM and AVR stand out as two of the most popular architectures. Each brings a unique set of characteristics, strengths, and applications. For professionals, hobbyists, and students alike, choosing between these architectures can be a pivotal decision in a project. </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0wlJ4RFRY07Usm5HDUFWasFotRbCBqPA7nLpnId7PF654U3r3S6NoxDXruoE5SKaca0ZK4dPziKZZLMPjKm_I8bao5ezeE6UUVxMdTv3F9KOKDlp9xZ8fFeP20tYIYETwu8qnJrmiwvfrObOMfJUUb9G9k6iP1OdNgrvfT1RrMsnxY4-MwNYxjNWZAxaR/s577/ESS_AVR-and-ARM_Blog_Banner-removebg-preview%20(1).png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="ARM vs. AVR Microcontrollers: Understanding ARM and AVR Microcontroller Differences" border="0" data-original-height="433" data-original-width="577" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0wlJ4RFRY07Usm5HDUFWasFotRbCBqPA7nLpnId7PF654U3r3S6NoxDXruoE5SKaca0ZK4dPziKZZLMPjKm_I8bao5ezeE6UUVxMdTv3F9KOKDlp9xZ8fFeP20tYIYETwu8qnJrmiwvfrObOMfJUUb9G9k6iP1OdNgrvfT1RrMsnxY4-MwNYxjNWZAxaR/s16000/ESS_AVR-and-ARM_Blog_Banner-removebg-preview%20(1).png" title="ARM vs. AVR Microcontrollers: Understanding ARM and AVR Microcontroller Differences" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ARM vs. AVR Microcontrollers</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Our comparison table below offers a detailed side-by-side look at the key features and attributes of ARM and AVR microcontrollers. Whether you're an expert aiming to reinforce your understanding or a beginner seeking foundational knowledge, this table is a comprehensive guide.</span></p><div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTable15Grid5Dark" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Feature/Aspect</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: black; border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ARM<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="background: black; border-left: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">AVR<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Origin<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1980s,
by ARM Holdings</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Late
1990s, by Atmel</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Architecture
Type</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">RISC with a
load/store model</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">RISC with Harvard
architecture</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Performance</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">High
performance (especially Cortex series)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Moderate
performance (ideal for basic tasks)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Power
Consumption</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Prioritizes power
efficiency (e.g., Cortex-M0 for low power)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Low power
consumption, especially with picoPower technology</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Development
Tools</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">ARM
Development Studio, Keil MDK</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Atmel
Studio, Arduino IDE</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Flexibility</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Vast ecosystem due to the licensing model</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Diverse but not as
expansive as ARM</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Cost</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Varies
widely, the premium for high-performance cores</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Generally
cost-effective</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Application
Areas</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Smartphones, tablets,
wearables, automotive, servers</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">DIY projects,
industrial sensors, basic electronics</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Notable
Features</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">TrustZone
security, Neon Multimedia Extension</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Fast-access
I/O, on-chip debugging</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid white; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Future
Outlook</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bright prospects with
IoT & AI devices</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<td style="background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid white; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Steady in embedded
systems & educational platforms</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</script><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">1. Historical Backdrop</span></strong></h3><h4 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)</span></strong></h4><p style="color: #0e101a;"></p><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><li class="ql-indent-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Originating in the 1980s, ARM was developed by ARM Holdings, a British company. Unlike most hardware manufacturers, ARM doesn't produce chips but licenses the architecture to other tech giants like Apple, Qualcomm, and Samsung.</span></span></li></ul><p></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">AVR (Alf and Vegard's RISC Processor)</span></strong></h4><p></p><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><li class="ql-indent-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">AVR microcontrollers were introduced in the late 1990s by Atmel and later acquired by Microchip Technology. Thanks to platforms like Arduino, they quickly became popular, particularly within the hobbyist community.</span></span></li></ul><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">2. Architecture: RISC Everywhere</span></strong></h3><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ARM and AVR belong to the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) category, emphasizing efficiency and simplicity. However, they apply the RISC principle differently.</span></span></p><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b>ARM</b></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b>:</b> Implements a load/store model. Only load/store commands can access memory, while arithmetic operations only work on registers. This offers flexibility and efficiency, especially for complex tasks.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b>AVR</b></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> uses Harvard architecture, distinguishing between memory spaces for program instructions and data. This allows concurrent access to both memory types, speeding up execution.</span></span></li></ul></span><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">3. Performance and Speed</span></strong></h3><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ARM</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: ARM cores, especially those in the Cortex series (like Cortex-A and Cortex-M), are renowned for high performance. They are used in a range of applications, from smartphones to servers.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AVR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: These are generally used in applications where moderate performance is acceptable. They shine in situations that don’t require multitasking or heavy processing, like basic robotics or home automation.</span></span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">4. Power Consumption and Efficiency</span></strong></h3><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ARM</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: ARM designs prioritize power efficiency. The ARM Cortex-M0, for instance, is designed for low-power operations, making it suitable for battery-powered IoT devices.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AVR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: AVR microcontrollers, particularly the TinyAVR and MegaAVR series, also focus on low power consumption. Their sleep modes further ensure minimal energy wastage.</span></span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">5. Development Environment and Community</span></strong></h3><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ARM</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: ARM has robust development tools like the ARM Development Studio and the Keil MDK. There's also a massive community around ARM, given its widespread use.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AVR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Atmel Studio is the official integrated development environment for AVR. Additionally, the Arduino IDE, though simplified, has played a pivotal role in building a robust hobbyist community around AVR.</span></span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">6. Flexibility and Scalability</span></strong></h3><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ARM</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: The ARM ecosystem is vast. With its licensing model, numerous manufacturers have created a plethora of ARM-based microcontrollers, ensuring a fit for nearly every conceivable application.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AVR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: While AVR offers various microcontrollers tailored for different needs, its range might not be as expensive as ARM's.</span></span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">7. Cost Factor</span></strong></h3><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ARM</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Given the broad spectrum of ARM-based microcontrollers, prices vary widely. However, in high-performance categories, ARM chips might come at a premium.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AVR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Generally, for similar capabilities, AVR microcontrollers are cost-effective, making them a favourite among hobbyists and educators.</span></span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">8. Application Areas</span></strong></h3><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ARM</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: From wearables, smartphones, and tablets to automotive infotainment and server farms, ARM cores dominate.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AVR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Predominantly found in DIY projects, industrial sensors, agricultural automation, and basic consumer electronics.</span></span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">9. Notable Features</span></strong></h3><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ARM</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span></span></li>
<ul><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Cortex-M series</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Ideal for embedded applications.</span></li><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">TrustZone technology</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Enhances security in critical applications.</span></li><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Neon Multimedia Extension</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Facilitates efficient media processing.</span></li></ul><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AVR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span></span></li><ul><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">picoPower technology</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: For ultra-low-power applications.</span></li><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Fast-access I/O</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Enables high-speed interfacing.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">On-chip debugging</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Simplifies the development process.</span></span></li></ul></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">10. Future Outlook</span></strong></h3><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ARM</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: With the surge in IoT and AI-powered devices, ARM’s potential seems boundless, especially with architectures designed for AI operations.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AVR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: While it might not have the glamour of high-end applications, the future remains steady for AVR in embedded systems and educational platforms.</span></span></li></ul>
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</script><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Examples of arm and AVR microcontrollers</span></h3><div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Here are examples of microcontrollers from both ARM and AVR families:</span></span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ARM Microcontrollers</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:<br /></span></span></h4><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ARM microcontrollers are based on the ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) architecture. They are often recognized by the "Cortex" designation. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFKmLhjzLw4qN6kZUF51rHqb0qV8oXjUDXddcClzWrK71A41LWHxa_MkiHfmbh6alkkYOVCWzDGqwESoFcvbPemSl5cn6iJgX085mJ5VBUFUJWu7dMlZS-Hvvf23mvg66CD__6_a_iMsDaROpZKfp8JXRBKm8iRUCICZ3xAdCzltyMkk0iFIOWj8GqMk2s/s850/ARM-microcontroller.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="ARM Microcontroller" border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="850" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFKmLhjzLw4qN6kZUF51rHqb0qV8oXjUDXddcClzWrK71A41LWHxa_MkiHfmbh6alkkYOVCWzDGqwESoFcvbPemSl5cn6iJgX085mJ5VBUFUJWu7dMlZS-Hvvf23mvg66CD__6_a_iMsDaROpZKfp8JXRBKm8iRUCICZ3xAdCzltyMkk0iFIOWj8GqMk2s/w640-h350/ARM-microcontroller.webp" title="ARM Microcontroller" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ARM Microcontroller</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Some famous ARM microcontroller examples are:</span></span></p></div><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">1. STMicroelectronics STM32 series</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">STM32F103: A popular ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">STM32F429: An ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller with a Chrom-ART accelerator.</span></li></ul></span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">2. N XP's LPC series</strong></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">LPC1768: Features an ARM Cortex-M3 core.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">LPC4330: Dual-core with ARM Cortex-M4 and Cortex-M0.</span></li></ul><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">3. Texas Instruments' Tiva C series</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">TM4C123GH6PM: ARM Cortex-M4F based microcontroller.</span></li></ul><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">4. Nordic Semiconductor's nRF series</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">nRF52840: ARM Cortex-M4F based microcontroller, known for its Bluetooth 5 capabilities.</span></li></ul><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">5. Silicon Labs' EFM32 series</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">EFM32 Giant Gecko: Based on ARM Cortex-M3.</span></li></ul><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">6. Atmel's SAM series</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> (Note: Atmel is now a part of Microchip Technology):</span><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">SAMD21: ARM Cortex-M0+ based microcontroller.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">SAME70: ARM Cortex-M7 based.</span></li></ul><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"></p><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AVR Microcontrollers</strong></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">AVR microcontrollers are developed by Atmel (which, as mentioned, is now part of Microchip Technology). They are recognized for their simplicity and are commonly used in DIY electronics and Arduino projects. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgThOwq2w0nVKk7YFWko8URrSPIcCKVtS5lVH0zmRVXVk5EuEU68irBhdnDqRSlS8T8ExozJ0nsZItMC9PIJeYYHFFsYrDZzibi-un4v1PLvaXHC5veQp9t5hUJjdEe7xJ7y4XYUKz-YYEV_2sdW6UxkzHH-zEJ4KswrB1cus4P_MatvdqyNuYhxHF8TIIb/s600/AVR-microcontroller.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="600" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgThOwq2w0nVKk7YFWko8URrSPIcCKVtS5lVH0zmRVXVk5EuEU68irBhdnDqRSlS8T8ExozJ0nsZItMC9PIJeYYHFFsYrDZzibi-un4v1PLvaXHC5veQp9t5hUJjdEe7xJ7y4XYUKz-YYEV_2sdW6UxkzHH-zEJ4KswrB1cus4P_MatvdqyNuYhxHF8TIIb/w400-h286/AVR-microcontroller.webp" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">AVR Family</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Here are some examples:</span></span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">1. ATtiny series</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span></h4><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">ATtiny85: An 8-pin microcontroller with 8KB ISP flash memory.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ATtiny2313: Features 2KB ISP flash memory.</span></span></li></ul><h4 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">2. ATmega series</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span></h4><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">ATmega328P is the microcontroller at the heart of the popular Arduino Uno.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ATmega2560: Used in the Arduino Mega, it has 256KB of flash memory.</span></span></li></ul><h4 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">3. ATxmega series</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span></h4><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ATxmega128A1U: An AVR microcontroller with extended features like 128KB flash memory.</span></span></li></ul><h4 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">4. Arduino boards</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">:</span></h4><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">While not strictly AVR microcontrollers themselves, many popular Arduino boards use AVR chips. For instance, the Arduino Uno uses the ATmega328P, and the Arduino Mega uses the ATmega2560.</span></span></li></ul><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">These examples highlight the industry's variety and application range of ARM and AVR microcontrollers. The choice between them depends on the project requirements, including performance needs, power consumption, peripheral requirements, and cost constraints.</span></span></p><p></p></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Conclusion</strong></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Choosing between ARM and AVR boils down to your project's specifics. ARM might be the way forward if you're looking for high performance and scalability and are developing a commercial product. On the other hand, if you're a hobbyist, an educator, or need a cost-effective solution for simpler applications, AVR stands strong.</span></span></p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Ultimately, ARM and AVR have carved niches for themselves in the microcontroller universe. As technology evolves, the line distinguishing them might blur, but their foundational differences will continue to guide developers and innovators in their choices.</span><br /></span></div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-56697218458364656502023-07-25T12:42:00.012+06:002023-09-29T23:02:22.638+06:00ESP32 Toggle LED: A Beginner's Guide to Controlling LEDs with ESP32<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil64V1smsZVesBo6MZc1u2flLMKsRWF6VwTviJa73Q6KZVJsC5o_9wcOUCuLubDJ5-ejxlnForFN3UQf5NA7aUK55o6o9OQsYwD9XaZoKNlpLQatZYZj4Sieswp27ecRIYj2WvoUC0g6FoohXyxQhQ36n3jVRG0Xi5WJL_kN-KUQJ7t_pqYbx38Rll4rEd/w640-h480/ESP32%20Toggle%20LED%20A%20Beginners%20Guide%20to%20Controlling%20LEDs%20with%20ESP32.webp" style="display: none;" />
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Introduction</strong></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The ESP32 is a powerful microcontroller that has gained popularity due to its versatility and ease of use. One of the most basic yet essential projects with the ESP32 is controlling an LED. This article will walk you through toggling an LED using the ESP32 board, along with the necessary code and essential information.</span></span></p></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Components Needed</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Before we begin, make sure you have the following items ready.</span></span></p></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">ESP32 development board (e.g., NodeMCU, Wemos D1 Mini ESP32)</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Breadboard and jumper wires</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">LED (any color)</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Resistor (around 220 ohms to limit current flow through the LED)</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Micro-USB cable for programming and powering the ESP32</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) installed on your computer.</span></span></li></ol><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Setting up Arduino IDE for ESP32</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Follow the steps to install and set up Arduino IDE for ESP32 on your computer. For details tutorial, visit:</span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><u><strike><a href="https://www.programmingboss.com/2021/03/installing-esp32-board-add-on-in.html" target="_blank"><b>Installing ESP32 Board add-on in Arduino IDE (Windows, Linux, Mac)</b></a> <b>alert-info</b></strike></u></span></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 1: Install Arduino IDE</span></span></h4><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">If you haven't already, download and install the Arduino IDE from the official website, download Arduino IDE first: </span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.arduino.cc/en/software" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;" target="_blank"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">https://www.arduino.cc/en/software</span></a></span></p></div><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 2: Install ESP32 Board Manager Package</span></span></h4><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Open the Arduino IDE.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Go to "File" > "Preferences" (on Windows) or "Arduino" > "Preferences" (on macOS).</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">In the "Additional Boards Manager URLs" field, enter the following URL:<br /></span><strike>https://dl.espressif.com/dl/package_esp32_index.json <b>alert-info</b></strike></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">If there is already a URL in the field, separate multiple URLs using commas.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Click "OK" to save the preferences.</span></span></li></ol><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 3: Install ESP32 Board Package</span></span></h4><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Go to "Tools" > "Board" > "Boards Manager..."</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">In the search bar, type "ESP32".</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Look for "esp32" by Espressif Systems and click the "Install" button. This will download and install the necessary files for programming ESP32 boards with the Arduino IDE.</span></span></li></ol><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32 GPIO Pins and LED Connection Circuit</span></strong></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP32 development board has several General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins that can control external components like LEDs. Before connecting an LED to the board, it's important to understand the pin configuration. The ESP32 has numerous GPIO pins, but for this project, we will use GPIO 2, which is conveniently accessible on most development boards.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXKfkOsP-sAX54XtMvmSDEhIblDEhPmqhBsmNC1uEuCcT0wlCBESx0tHHjP_UA_dSlR1d_MUEArbeuAj-6droyLdkGCb3hiQImJS253zY3Tlzw2dZKKV7XqAlgRs1gDobNIPOGl23z58z1f-QNBCbsti7kkshQov6ifxemt9dp0AAQZDFOlfa0ikq5SPnk/s839/ESP32%20Toggle%20LED%20A%20Beginner's%20Guide%20to%20Controlling%20LEDs%20with%20ESP32.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="ESP32 LED Circuit Diagram" border="0" data-original-height="629" data-original-width="839" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXKfkOsP-sAX54XtMvmSDEhIblDEhPmqhBsmNC1uEuCcT0wlCBESx0tHHjP_UA_dSlR1d_MUEArbeuAj-6droyLdkGCb3hiQImJS253zY3Tlzw2dZKKV7XqAlgRs1gDobNIPOGl23z58z1f-QNBCbsti7kkshQov6ifxemt9dp0AAQZDFOlfa0ikq5SPnk/w640-h480/ESP32%20Toggle%20LED%20A%20Beginner's%20Guide%20to%20Controlling%20LEDs%20with%20ESP32.png" title="ESP32 LED Circuit Diagram" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32 LED Circuit Diagram</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Connect the LED's longer leg (</span><span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">Anode</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">) to the GPIO pin (e.g.,</span><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GPIO 2</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">) of the ESP32 using a jumper wire.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Connect the LED's shorter leg (</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cathode</span></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">) to the ground (</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">) pin on the ESP32 using another jumper wire.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Place the 220-ohm resistor between the <span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">Anode</span> of the LED and the <span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GPIO</span> pin to limit the current flow and prevent damage to the LED and ESP32.</span></span></li></ol><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strike>Ensure that all connections are secure and that no loose wires or short circuits could potentially harm the components or the board. <b>alert-warning</b></strike></span></span></p><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32 built-in LED</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The specific GPIO PINs for the built-in LEDs may vary depending on the board. Two popular ESP32 boards that most beginners encounter are the ESP32-DevKit and ESP32-CAM.</span></span></p></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">ESP32-DevKit: The ESP32-DevKit, also known as the ESP32-DevKitC, is a widely used ESP32 development board. It typically comes with a built-in LED connected to GPIO pin 2. This LED can be used for basic testing and visual feedback during development.</span></li>
<li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32-CAM: The ESP32-CAM is a unique ESP32 board with a camera module, making it ideal for video streaming and image capture projects. On the ESP32-CAM board, you will find a built-in LED connected to GPIO pin 4. This LED provides status indications while working with the camera module.</span></span></li></ul><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Many other ESP32-based development boards might have built-in LEDs, but their GPIO pin assignments can differ from those mentioned above. When using a different ESP32 board, referring to the board's documentation or schematic is essential to identify the specific GPIO pin assigned to the built-in LED.</span></span></p><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Programming the ESP32</span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Let's write the code to toggle the LED on and off. We will use the Arduino IDE to program the ESP32, so ensure you have it installed on your computer.</span></span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">// ESP32 Toggle LED Example<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">const int ledPin = 2; // GPIO 2<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">void setup() {<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as an output<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">}<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">void loop() {<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn ON the LED<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second (1000 milliseconds)<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn OFF the LED<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">}<b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></span></p></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Explanation of the Code</span></span></h3><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">We define a constant variable <b>ledPin</b>, and set it to 2, corresponding to GPIO 2 on the ESP32 board.</span></span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">In the <b>setup()</b> function, we set ledPin as output using pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT).</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">The <b>loop()</b> function is where the LED toggling takes place. We use <b>digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH)</b> to turn ON the LED and then <b>delay(1000)</b> to wait for 1 second.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">After 1 second, we use <b>digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW)</b> to turn OFF the LED, followed by another <b>delay(1000)</b> to wait for another second.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">The process repeats indefinitely, resulting in the LED blinking ON and OFF repeatedly.</span></li></ol><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Uploading the Code</span></span></h3><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Connect the ESP32 to your computer using a USB cable.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Open the Arduino IDE and select the appropriate board and port from the "Tools" menu.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Copy the code into the Arduino IDE.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Click the "Upload" button to compile and upload the code to the ESP32.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">After successfully uploading, you should see the LED blinking ON and OFF at 1-second intervals.</span></span></li></ol><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Conclusion</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to toggle an LED using an ESP32. This simple project lays the foundation for more complex IoT projects that control various electronic components. As you progress, you can explore using different GPIO pins, controlling multiple LEDs, and integrating various sensors to create more sophisticated applications. Happy tinkering!</span></span></p></div>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-36604883337873250352023-07-17T04:14:00.004+06:002023-07-17T09:50:16.599+06:00How to Control WS2812B Addressable RGB LED Strip with ESP32<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Introduction</strong></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><b>WS2812B </b>addressable RGB LED strips have gained popularity for their ability to create mesmerizing lighting effects in a wide range of projects. By combining these strips with the powerful <b>ESP32 </b>microcontroller and leveraging the <b>Adafruit_NeoPixel</b> library, you can effortlessly control the color and behavior of each LED in the strip.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv8bfromuSQxsSbYkdia7Stb5GRb0hCYmW4F-tE0lqMC9M7Q4p6bN6d55xODb3786o2e7MJ2ZONp5X7qkXtg-fJ0yWG5DH-M29kPnzQxn-A_DC_feZUSMlpJron1kbUQIAqcyvTK09iQqewvrcYCMZSEEoDsaW-a9vZX-DR5Mvsld14UjEEg_ylMMNMzo1/s359/How%20to%20Control%20WS2812B%20Addressable%205050%20RGB%20LED%20Strip%20with%20ESP32.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="How to Control WS2812B Addressable 5050 RGB LED Strip with ESP32" border="0" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="359" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv8bfromuSQxsSbYkdia7Stb5GRb0hCYmW4F-tE0lqMC9M7Q4p6bN6d55xODb3786o2e7MJ2ZONp5X7qkXtg-fJ0yWG5DH-M29kPnzQxn-A_DC_feZUSMlpJron1kbUQIAqcyvTK09iQqewvrcYCMZSEEoDsaW-a9vZX-DR5Mvsld14UjEEg_ylMMNMzo1/w400-h301/How%20to%20Control%20WS2812B%20Addressable%205050%20RGB%20LED%20Strip%20with%20ESP32.webp" title="How to Control WS2812B Addressable 5050 RGB LED Strip with ESP32" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">WS2812B Addressable RGB LED Strip with ESP32</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">The WS2812B LED strip offers endless possibilities for creative projects. You can choose the perfect size, sealant, or LED density, with various models available to suit your needs. These LED Strips are Encased in weatherproof silicone and can be used outdoors without worrying about damage from rain or dust.</span><p></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">What sets the WS2812B LED strip apart is its ability to control each LED's brightness and color. This feature enables you to create captivating lighting effects with ease. Each LED in the strip contains an integrated circuit (IC), allowing for seamless communication through a one-wire interface. You can control multiple LEDs using just one digital pin on your Arduino board.</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4pRhyNFijP1vMuz8opvPeK-ECwr9rekq85YRL1AmLJ7hs87ACuEgSHj0uGGTcHalTL0pr9KblDHcc9H2DI0yAWNEqJpttFG4A_tMZ0Y0bShaNq49ZNx5kACkzfcortvyVDrmW8U8Lh_-w9wnCPkoKRoUYxDNyYrOYFphqD9uuAmX5ikZCfnMr2cZSvuCc/s484/WS2812B%20Addressable%205050%20RGB%20LED%20Strip%20IC%20with%20ESP32.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="WS2812 Addressable RGB LED IC" border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="401" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4pRhyNFijP1vMuz8opvPeK-ECwr9rekq85YRL1AmLJ7hs87ACuEgSHj0uGGTcHalTL0pr9KblDHcc9H2DI0yAWNEqJpttFG4A_tMZ0Y0bShaNq49ZNx5kACkzfcortvyVDrmW8U8Lh_-w9wnCPkoKRoUYxDNyYrOYFphqD9uuAmX5ikZCfnMr2cZSvuCc/w266-h320/WS2812B%20Addressable%205050%20RGB%20LED%20Strip%20IC%20with%20ESP32.webp" title="WS2812 Addressable RGB LED IC" width="266" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> WS2812 Addressable RGB LED IC</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">The flexibility of these LED strips is another advantage. As indicated, you can easily adjust their length by cutting the strip at designated intervals. </span><p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiodwqu_hfNUPbiYmf8tKpMbZMIxbTOy8AXrnfmyuHSGFJY7taqHTbx-OpD2GsZEEvJQoF10-UuyCbJ93gGP7-SP5CV4vWDF94qUXL_ulhhYggfSAuxv-1mOgN3jP_xnawmwN60MGgP7a2wA27mBOnsu3wtjCGMrE2PyG4rw3eHz63fMVb7oFk3IO3JcMCu/s500/cuttingWS2812B%20Addressable%205050%20RGB%20LED%20Strip.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="500" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiodwqu_hfNUPbiYmf8tKpMbZMIxbTOy8AXrnfmyuHSGFJY7taqHTbx-OpD2GsZEEvJQoF10-UuyCbJ93gGP7-SP5CV4vWDF94qUXL_ulhhYggfSAuxv-1mOgN3jP_xnawmwN60MGgP7a2wA27mBOnsu3wtjCGMrE2PyG4rw3eHz63fMVb7oFk3IO3JcMCu/w400-h360/cuttingWS2812B%20Addressable%205050%20RGB%20LED%20Strip.webp" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adjusting WS2812B addressable LED Strip length</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Each segment of the strip houses one RGB LED, enabling customization to fit your specific project requirements. Connectors are conveniently provided at both ends of the strip, making it simple to connect to an Arduino or a breadboard.</span><p></p><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Prerequisites</strong></span></h3></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">To follow along with this tutorial, you'll need the following:</span></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">An ESP32 development board.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">A WS2812B addressable RGB LED strip.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Jumper wires for connecting the LED strip to the ESP32.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino IDE is installed on your computer.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Adafruit_NeoPixel library installed in the Arduino IDE.</span></span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Step 1: Install the Adafruit_NeoPixel Library</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </span></span></h3></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Before we begin, let's ensure we have the Adafruit_NeoPixel library installed in the Arduino IDE. This library simplifies the control of addressable RGB LED strips. Here's how you can install it:</span></span></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Open the Arduino IDE.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Go to "Sketch" -> "Include Library" -> "Manage Libraries."</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">In the Library Manager, search for "Adafruit NeoPixel."</span></li><li>
<span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Click on the library and then click "Install" to install it.</span></span></li></ol><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Step 2: Wiring the WS2812B LED Strip to the ESP32</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <br /></span></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To control the WS2812B LED strip, we must establish the connections between the strip and the ESP32. Follow these steps to wire them together:</span></span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBDt4LKDIiQo63g4HToq36G8r1ODe2oBugzFcEDXVdKPfcgKGo-ecU95O-l_n84OqsJZFVK93b3yJ0peWM7i34DCTKRmb_5284o9YEz30yR9f3z-NWuuzE5tY2I867eJLEjsOK8Us1Fzj7JJVQzsYfXFBEg4r9fZeNtIrlyX4LNovNAqpgHfzXZ9bTf6FE/s504/How%20to%20Control%20WS2812%20Addressable%205050%20RGB%20LED%20Strip%20with%20ESP32.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="WS2812B Addressable RGB LED Strip Pinout" border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="504" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBDt4LKDIiQo63g4HToq36G8r1ODe2oBugzFcEDXVdKPfcgKGo-ecU95O-l_n84OqsJZFVK93b3yJ0peWM7i34DCTKRmb_5284o9YEz30yR9f3z-NWuuzE5tY2I867eJLEjsOK8Us1Fzj7JJVQzsYfXFBEg4r9fZeNtIrlyX4LNovNAqpgHfzXZ9bTf6FE/w400-h400/How%20to%20Control%20WS2812%20Addressable%205050%20RGB%20LED%20Strip%20with%20ESP32.webp" title="WS2812B Addressable RGB LED Strip Pinout" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">WS2812B Addressable RGB LED Strip Pinout</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the<span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>VCC</b></span> pin of the LED strip to the <span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>5v</b></span> pin of the ESP32.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the<b style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>pin of the LED strip to the <b style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></b> pin of the ESP32.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the LED strip's<b style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(127, 7, 171); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">DIN</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>(Data Input) pin to any digital pin of the ESP32 (e.g.,<span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(102, 255, 102); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: black; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>GPIO 4</b></span>).</span></span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect extra LED strips in the previous LED strip's<b style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span class="rnthl rntcorange" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(127, 7, 171); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">DO</span></b> (Data Output) pin.</span></span></li></ol></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Step 3: Setting Up the Arduino Sketch</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></span></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Let's start coding the ESP32 to control the LED strip using the Adafruit_NeoPixel library. Follow the steps below:</span></span></p><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">1. Open a new Arduino sketch in the IDE.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;">2. Include the Adafruit_NeoPixel library at the top of your sketch:</span><br /><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strike>#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h><b>code-box</b></strike></span></span></p><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">3. Define the LED strip parameters. We need to specify the pin to which the LED strip is connected and the number of LEDs in the strip:</span></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: left;"><strike><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">#define LED_PIN 4 // Digital pin connected to the LED strip<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">#define LED_COUNT 60 // Number of LEDs in the strip <b>code-box</b></span></span></strike></div><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div>4. Create an instance of the Adafruit_NeoPixel class. We'll use this instance to control the LED strip:<br /></span></span><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strike>Adafruit_NeoPixel strip(LED_COUNT, LED_PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);<b>code-box</b></strike></span></span></p><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">5. In the setup() function, initialize the LED strip:</span></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><strike><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">void setup() {<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> strip.begin(); // Initialize the LED strip<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> strip.show(); // Turn off all LEDs initially<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">}<b>code-box</b></span></span></strike></div><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Step 4: Controlling the LED Strip</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> <br /></span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It's time to control the LED strip behavior using the loop() function. Let's start with a simple example that sets all LEDs to red:</span></span></p><div style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><strike><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">void loop() {<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> // Set all LEDs to red<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> for (int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++) {<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> strip.setPixelColor(i, strip.Color(255, 0, 0)); // Red color (RGB values)<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> }<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> strip.show(); // Send the updated pixel colors to the strip<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second before changing colors<br /></span></span><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">}<b>code-box</b></span></span></strike></div><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In this example, we use a for loop to iterate through each LED in the strip. We set the color of each LED to red using the setPixelColor() method. The strip.Color() function takes three arguments representing the RGB values (255 for red, 0 for green, and 0 for blue) to create the desired color. Finally, we call strip.show() to update the LED strip with the new color RGB values and then delay(1000) to wait for 1 second before changing the colors.</span></span></p><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Step 5: Upload the Code and Test</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></span></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Copy the following Arduino code to </span></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">control WS2812B Addressable 5050 RGB LED Strip with ESP32.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><strike>#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h><br />#define LED_PIN 4 // Digital pin connected to the LED strip<br />#define LED_COUNT 60 // Number of LEDs in the strip<br />Adafruit_NeoPixel strip(LED_COUNT, LED_PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);<br />void setup() {<br /> strip.begin(); // Initialize the LED strip<br /> strip.show(); // Turn off all LEDs initially<br />}<br />void loop() {<br /> // Set all LEDs to red<br /> for (int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++) {<br /> strip.setPixelColor(i, strip.Color(255, 0, 0)); // Red color (RGB values)<br /> }<br /> strip.show(); // Send the updated pixel colors to the strip<br /> delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second before changing colors<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></div></span></div><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Upload the sketch to your ESP32 board by clicking the "Upload" button in the Arduino IDE. After uploading, the ESP32 will start controlling the WS2812B LED strip. You should see all the LEDs in the strip turn red and change color every second.</span></span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Additional Useful Functions of the Adafruit_NeoPixel Library for WS2812B Addressable RGB LED Strips</span></span></h4><div><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The <b>Adafruit_NeoPixel</b> library provides several useful functions to enhance your control over WS2812B addressable RGB LED strips. Here are a few additional functions that you can leverage:</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></span></p><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">setBrightness(brightness):</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> This function allows you to adjust the overall brightness of the LED strip. The brightness parameter accepts 0 (off) and 255 (maximum brightness). It is particularly useful when you want to create dynamic lighting effects or conserve power by reducing the overall brightness.</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">clear():</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> The clear() function turns off all the LEDs in the strip, effectively setting them to black (no light emitted). This function is handy when you want to quickly reset the strip or turn off all the LEDs.</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">fill(color, startLED, numLEDs):</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> With the fill() function, you can set a specific color to a range of LEDs in the strip. The color parameter accepts a 32-bit RGB color value, and the startLED and numLEDs parameters determine the starting LED and the number of LEDs to fill with the specified color.</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">setPixelColor(LED, color):</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> This function allows you to set the color of an individual LED in the strip. The LED parameter specifies the index of the LED (starting from 0), and the color parameter accepts a 32-bit RGB color value.</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">gamma32(color):</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> The gamma32() function applies gamma correction to the specified color value. Gamma correction adjusts the perceived brightness of colors to achieve more accurate and pleasing visuals. This function is typically used when you want to fine-tune the color accuracy of your LED strip.</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">show():</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> The show() function is crucial for updating the LED strip with the latest color values you've set. Once you've made changes to the LED colors using functions like setPixelColor() or fill(), calling show() will send the updated pixel data to the LED strip, causing the changes to take effect.</span></li></ol><div><span style="color: #0e101a;"><br /></span></div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">These additional functions give you greater control and flexibility when working with WS2812B LED strips using the Adafruit_NeoPixel library. You can explore and experiment with these functions to create captivating lighting effects and bring your projects to life with stunning visuals.</span></p></span></span></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Conclusion</strong></h3></div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">In this article, we've learned how to control a WS2812 or </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">WS2812B</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> addressable RGB LED strip using an ESP32 microcontroller and the Adafruit_NeoPixel library. We covered the wiring setup and library installation and provided an example code that sets the LEDs to red. With this foundation, you can explore and create custom lighting effects by modifying the code and experimenting with different colors and patterns. Have fun with your addressable RGB LED strip projects.</span></p></div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></strong></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-23203692051307046642023-07-01T11:21:00.003+06:002023-07-05T08:59:17.432+06:00Programming in ANSI C by Balagurusamy<p style="height: 0px; text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Programming in ANSI C" is a popular programming book by E. Balagurusamy. It is widely used as a textbook for learning the C programming language. The book covers various aspects of C programming, including the fundamentals, data types, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers, and file handling.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">E. Balagurusamy is a renowned author in computer science education and has written several books on programming languages. His books are known for their simplicity and clarity, making them suitable for beginners and intermediate programmers.</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwaG5sclzMZrnjAJNuaKXvwgfkF9hsFuJE6-5igPJ3SzWiHA5YZHroHXNhWfW7z0qb9gXT0VqXF_e9MxE98qOOYYuMFLMFsfBXMexfXEdwBPu5bUgjVLkxLpZHfxrh8uQu_jy18Ffzn6rIgNEpQRkW1-O_i-Zme64qDNAeGUQNWYbflFJSR1N_hDXBXkQs/s1280/Programming%20in%20ANSI%20C%20by%20Balagurusamy%20free%20pdf%20download.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Programming in ANSI C by Balagurusamy free pdf download" border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="939" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwaG5sclzMZrnjAJNuaKXvwgfkF9hsFuJE6-5igPJ3SzWiHA5YZHroHXNhWfW7z0qb9gXT0VqXF_e9MxE98qOOYYuMFLMFsfBXMexfXEdwBPu5bUgjVLkxLpZHfxrh8uQu_jy18Ffzn6rIgNEpQRkW1-O_i-Zme64qDNAeGUQNWYbflFJSR1N_hDXBXkQs/w294-h400/Programming%20in%20ANSI%20C%20by%20Balagurusamy%20free%20pdf%20download.jpg" title="Programming in ANSI C by Balagurusamy free pdf download" width="294" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Programming in ANSI C by E Balagurusamy</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">If you want to learn C programming using Balagurusamy's book, you can follow the chapters and exercises provided to understand the language. However, my knowledge is based on information available until September 2021, and newer editions or alternative resources may be available since then. Checking for the latest edition or other recommended resources to supplement your learning.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In this article, we delve into the key features and benefits of this renowned book, which has become a staple in the education of countless programmers.</span></p></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A Trustworthy Companion</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;">"Programming in ANSI C" has earned its reputation as a reliable companion for learners and enthusiasts. Balagurusamy's expertise in teaching computer science shines through the pages, providing clear explanations and practical examples that foster a strong understanding of C programming concepts.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Comprehensive Coverage</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The book covers a wide range of topics, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of ANSI C. Starting from the fundamentals and progressing to more advanced concepts, readers are taken on a journey that covers data types, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers, designs, file handling, and more. Gradual progression enables learners to grasp the language in a structured manner.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Clarity and Simplicity</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Balagurusamy's writing style is known for its simplicity and clarity. Complex topics are broken down into easily digestible explanations and concise code examples. The author's ability to convey intricate concepts straightforwardly helps learners overcome initial challenges and gain confidence in their programming abilities.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Practical Approach</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Learning programming is not just about theoretical knowledge; it also requires practical application. Balagurusamy's book emphasizes hands-on learning by including numerous programming exercises and examples throughout each chapter. These exercises reinforce the concepts learned and encourage readers to actively engage in writing code actively, improving their problem-solving skills and fostering a deeper understanding of C programming.</span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Up-to-Date Relevance</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">While the book has a foundation in ANSI C, it remains relevant and valuable in modern programming. ANSI C forms the basis for many other C-based languages, and mastering its principles equips programmers with a strong foundation for tackling other related languages and frameworks.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">"Programming in ANSI C" by Balagurusamy is a trusted and comprehensive resource for anyone aspiring to learn C programming. Its clear explanations, practical examples, and comprehensive coverage of ANSI C make it an indispensable tool for beginners and intermediate programmers. By following the book's chapters and engaging in the provided exercises, learners can embark on a transformative journey that equips them with the skills and confidence needed to write efficient and robust C programs. Whether you're a student, an enthusiast, or a professional programmer, "Programming in ANSI C" is a must-have addition to your programming library.</span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-31660917800895268442023-06-12T21:32:00.003+06:002023-07-05T09:01:28.755+06:00Building an ATM Machine Project using Python<div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><b>Automated Teller Machines</b> (ATMs) have revolutionized how we conduct banking transactions. In this article, we will walk you through the process of building an ATM Machine project using Python. By the end, you will have a fully functional ATM simulator allowing users to perform everyday banking operations such as checking balances, withdrawing, depositing, and changing their PIN.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCCuT_jOtsJgVjOnCNCWtD0WJ7Vy6d3H0N58fnJni9c_RDhTwZxzVSl6Z2cy7H6B3ZRUu0K8mWT0MvP0DSTny8lC_e5I2v1joGmSCVIYd9NLgEk5qDN2g5WeadAQSm-_YlivyRgvW4mYJ6W_21NmC57kx01r3JsF78PkzJoZ7gnZDUaA1oX5tdFO7lzw/s600/Building%20an%20ATM%20Machine%20Project%20using%20Python.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="ATM Machine Project using Python" border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCCuT_jOtsJgVjOnCNCWtD0WJ7Vy6d3H0N58fnJni9c_RDhTwZxzVSl6Z2cy7H6B3ZRUu0K8mWT0MvP0DSTny8lC_e5I2v1joGmSCVIYd9NLgEk5qDN2g5WeadAQSm-_YlivyRgvW4mYJ6W_21NmC57kx01r3JsF78PkzJoZ7gnZDUaA1oX5tdFO7lzw/s16000/Building%20an%20ATM%20Machine%20Project%20using%20Python.webp" title="ATM Machine Project using Python" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ATM Machine Project using Python</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Setting up the Environment </span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Before we dive into coding, ensuring that you have Python installed on your system is essential. Head to the official Python website (python.org) and download the latest version suitable for your operating system. Follow the installation instructions, and once Python is successfully installed, you're ready to proceed.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Designing the ATM Class </span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">We will create an ATM class that encapsulates the necessary functionalities to start building our ATM Machine project. Let's take a look at the code:</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><strike><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">class ATM:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> def __init__(self, balance=0, pin=0000):</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> self.balance = balance</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> self.pin = pin</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> def check_balance(self):</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> return self.balance</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> def withdraw(self, amount):</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> if amount > self.balance:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> return "Insufficient funds."</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> else:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> self.balance -= amount</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> return f"Withdrawal successful. Current balance: {self.balance}"</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> def deposit(self, amount):</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> self.balance += amount</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> return f"Deposit successful. Current balance: {self.balance}"</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> def change_pin(self, new_pin):</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> self.pin = new_pin</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> return "PIN changed successfully."<b>code-box</b></span></strike><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">This code snippet defines the ATM class with an __init__ method to initialize the ATM object with a starting balance and a default PIN. The check_balance method returns the current balance, the withdraw method allows users to withdraw funds, the deposit method allows users to deposit funds, and the change_pin method enables users to change their PIN.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Implementing the User Interface</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Now that our ATM class is ready let's create a user interface to interact with the ATM functionalities. The following code snippet demonstrates how to achieve this:</span></p><strike><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">def main():</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> atm = ATM(1000, 1234) # Initialize ATM object with initial balance and PIN</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> while True:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("Welcome to the ATM machine.")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> pin = int(input("Please enter your PIN: "))</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> if pin != atm.pin:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("Incorrect PIN. Please try again.")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> continue</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("\nMenu:")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("1. Check Balance")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("2. Withdraw")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("3. Deposit")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("4. Change PIN")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("5. Exit")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> option = int(input("\nEnter your choice: "))</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> if option == 1:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("Current balance:", atm.check_balance())</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> elif option == 2:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> amount = float(input("Enter the amount to withdraw: "))</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print(atm.withdraw(amount))</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> elif option == 3:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> amount = float(input("Enter the amount to deposit: "))</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print(atm.deposit(amount))</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> elif option == 4:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> new_pin = int(input("Enter your new PIN: "))</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print(atm.change_pin(new_pin))</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> elif option == 5:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("Thank you for using the ATM machine.")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> break</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> else:</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> print("Invalid option. Please try again.")</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">if __name__ == "__main__":</span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> main()<b>code-box</b></span></strike><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">In the main function, we create an instance of the ATM class, setting an initial balance and PIN. We then display a welcome message and prompt the user to enter their PIN. If the entered PIN matches the one stored in the ATM object, we present a menu of options. Based on the user's choice, we call the corresponding methods of the ATM object to perform the desired operation. The program continues to display the menu until the user chooses to exit.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Testing the ATM Machine Project </span></h3></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">It's time to test the ATM Machine project with our code ready. Run the Python program, and you will receive a welcome message. Enter the PIN, and you will be presented with a menu of options. Select an option and provide any additional information required, such as the Withdrawal or deposit amount. The program will execute the chosen operation and display the appropriate messages. Test various scenarios to ensure that the functionalities work as expected.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></h3></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Congratulations! You have successfully built an ATM Machine project using Python. By following the steps outlined in this article, you have created an interactive program that simulates the functionalities of a real-world ATM. Feel free to explore additional features, such as transaction history or database integration, to enhance the project further.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Remember, this project is an excellent foundation for understanding software development concepts, including class design, user interfaces, and user input handling. Utilize your knowledge and creativity to expand and improve the project, and the project, and continue exploring the vast possibilities of Python programming. </span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-50648141050094005782023-06-02T16:58:00.002+06:002024-01-30T22:31:34.970+06:00ESP32 Machine Learning (ML) Project Ideas<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP32 is a versatile microcontroller widely adopted by developers and hobbyists alike for its powerful capabilities and low cost. One of the most exciting areas of development for the ESP32 is machine learning, where its advanced processing power and built-in Wi-Fi connectivity can be leveraged for a wide range of innovative projects.</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBnyODeghhhWmVgcFmio2beYEkc41FmLvYqk82EOQOitst7ooDRpnDY25G1kloGYVokHDklZQSl9YmsW9obcEtpuFd5ndxnTQDN2AK0GBOByuCgeTYDBiN_nWq6TLUd2YuCas6ei3KLB_mt9CrOSf2mhwR5isJHqcOSVl0T7EDbldWDZA1CNBKwhzJxw/s1080/ESP32%20machine%20learning%20project%20Ideas.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="ESP32 machine learning project Ideas" border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1080" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBnyODeghhhWmVgcFmio2beYEkc41FmLvYqk82EOQOitst7ooDRpnDY25G1kloGYVokHDklZQSl9YmsW9obcEtpuFd5ndxnTQDN2AK0GBOByuCgeTYDBiN_nWq6TLUd2YuCas6ei3KLB_mt9CrOSf2mhwR5isJHqcOSVl0T7EDbldWDZA1CNBKwhzJxw/w640-h480/ESP32%20machine%20learning%20project%20Ideas.webp" title="ESP32 machine learning project Ideas" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32 machine learning project Ideas</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This article will explore some of the most interesting ESP32 machine learning projects currently being developed and the tools and resources available for developers looking to create their own projects.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Object Detection and Recognition</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Object detection and recognition is one of the most popular machine learning projects for the ESP32. Developers can create real-time projects to identify and classify objects using a camera module and a pre-trained machine-learning model. This can be used for various applications, such as security systems, intelligent home automation, and robotics.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Voice Recognition</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Voice recognition is another exciting area of development for the ESP32. By integrating a microphone and a pre-trained machine learning model, developers can create projects recognizing and responding to spoken commands. This can be used for various applications, from home automation to assistive technology for people with disabilities.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Predictive Maintenance</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Predictive maintenance is an essential application of machine learning in the industrial sector. By collecting and analyzing sensor data, developers can create models that predict when equipment will require maintenance, helping reduce downtime and increase efficiency. The ESP32 is an ideal platform for these types of applications, with its low cost and wireless connectivity allowing for easy deployment and data collection.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Autonomous Navigation</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Autonomous navigation is another exciting application of machine learning for the ESP32. Using sensors and machine learning models, developers can create projects that allow robots to navigate autonomously in their environment. This can be used for various applications, from industrial automation to autonomous vehicles.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Gesture Recognition</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Gesture recognition uses machine learning to recognize and classify user gestures. With the ESP32, developers can create projects recognizing user gestures, such as hand gestures or facial expressions. This can be used for various applications, such as controlling a robotic arm or interacting with a virtual assistant.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic9uJpUJFQKV0vfpGwBHNxS3gQEYwFmXjbE4OjgCvwWiUuaug2HKAAYKeKEUAJCVQfzTYi6RS8ez2VIZMVH3KIZxM_H2u0R5VKf8Y_oOvyzpm7MkvTHw_HPgxE6XJ2vA1_rYjI6MdL9o8s1rvjw1f6Ys0SRasHeSmh22_dqElOvQAgjwkRMCNDAuK13Q/s450/Gesture%20Recognition.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ESP32 machine learning project Ideas" border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="450" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic9uJpUJFQKV0vfpGwBHNxS3gQEYwFmXjbE4OjgCvwWiUuaug2HKAAYKeKEUAJCVQfzTYi6RS8ez2VIZMVH3KIZxM_H2u0R5VKf8Y_oOvyzpm7MkvTHw_HPgxE6XJ2vA1_rYjI6MdL9o8s1rvjw1f6Ys0SRasHeSmh22_dqElOvQAgjwkRMCNDAuK13Q/w400-h266/Gesture%20Recognition.webp" title="ESP32 machine learning project Ideas" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Tools and Resources for ESP32 Machine Learning</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Developers looking to create ESP32 machine-learning projects can use various tools and resources. The following are some of the most popular resources for ESP32 machine learning development:</span></p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers is a popular machine-learning library optimized for microcontrollers such as the ESP32. This library allows developers to easily create and deploy machine learning models on ESP32 projects.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Edge Impulse Edge Impulse is a development platform that provides developers with various tools for creating machine-learning models for microcontrollers. This platform includes pre-trained models, data collection tools, and a range of integrations with popular microcontroller platforms such as the ESP32.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP-IDF The ESP-IDF is the official development framework for the ESP32 microcontroller. This framework includes various tools and libraries that can be used for machine learning development, including support for TensorFlow Lite and other popular machine learning libraries.</span></li>
</ol>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP32 is a powerful and versatile platform for machine learning development. With its advanced processing power and built-in Wi-Fi connectivity, the ESP32 is ideal for various machine learning applications, from object detection and recognition to predictive maintenance and autonomous navigation. Developers looking to create ESP32 machine learning projects can use many tools and resources, including TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers, Edge Impulse, and the ESP-IDF development framework.</span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-34473141957550531012023-05-01T10:50:00.014+06:002023-09-29T23:03:13.643+06:00How to Interface MLX90614 Infrared Temperature Sensor with Arduino<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">The <b>MLX90614</b> is an infrared temperature sensor that can precisely measure an object's temperature without touching it. It works by detecting the infrared radiation emitted by the object and converting it into a temperature reading. The sensor has a thermopile detector made of multiple thermocouples that generate a small voltage when exposed to heat. It also has a reference thermistor to ensure accuracy. The sensor communicates with an Arduino using the <b>I2C protocol</b> and is helpful in various applications where contact sensors may not be suitable. </span></p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6aZ006gPH7S4CkLc3dmu4z0iMyVjO7L6opaUl5V-wT9rDMA6uqqyAm2Raf5p9x2-NEgxIFQYGBb4xg0Mg3midXGdERw3CxrLy3U8dgvB3ZThSIGkArltRLQfkIhJsKRKjVPk6YKAmfr84YIhiwHXW9mqQYTLifJ9-8pkfpEN-3r3_iDm0bDLvFZQTHA/s700/How%20to%20Interface%20MLX90614%20Infrared%20Temperature%20Sensor%20with%20Arduino.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="How to Interface the MLX90614 Infrared Temperature Sensor with Arduino" border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="700" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6aZ006gPH7S4CkLc3dmu4z0iMyVjO7L6opaUl5V-wT9rDMA6uqqyAm2Raf5p9x2-NEgxIFQYGBb4xg0Mg3midXGdERw3CxrLy3U8dgvB3ZThSIGkArltRLQfkIhJsKRKjVPk6YKAmfr84YIhiwHXW9mqQYTLifJ9-8pkfpEN-3r3_iDm0bDLvFZQTHA/w640-h480/How%20to%20Interface%20MLX90614%20Infrared%20Temperature%20Sensor%20with%20Arduino.webp" title="How to Interface the MLX90614 Infrared Temperature Sensor with Arduino" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">How to Interface the MLX90614 Infrared Temperature Sensor with Arduino</td></tr></tbody></table></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">MLX90614 Infrared Temperature Sensor Pinout</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The sensor comes with the following 4 pins:</span></p><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgry-3erog_LG-qCn-Ln_pYDcr-aqwbGNL8TQtLLIWXH511FbyaVYmSvV-rk1lJDyXAtRtF3JTHESvZZ3UGv4txWSyRsienYNy_iDU1f2iBoBgt90OTl3gmkMIUw68ExYs9NGEJked5a5l6EkqpUspJXfTdwExT16e9c4O9PVCea_cC-AgiLYLVHMhjHg/s1080/How%20to%20Interface%20the%20MLX90614%20Temperature%20Sensor%20with%20Arduino%20UNO.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="MLX90614 infrared temperature sensor Pinout" border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="1080" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgry-3erog_LG-qCn-Ln_pYDcr-aqwbGNL8TQtLLIWXH511FbyaVYmSvV-rk1lJDyXAtRtF3JTHESvZZ3UGv4txWSyRsienYNy_iDU1f2iBoBgt90OTl3gmkMIUw68ExYs9NGEJked5a5l6EkqpUspJXfTdwExT16e9c4O9PVCea_cC-AgiLYLVHMhjHg/w640-h328/How%20to%20Interface%20the%20MLX90614%20Temperature%20Sensor%20with%20Arduino%20UNO.webp" title="MLX90614 infrared temperature sensor Pinout" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">MLX90614 temperature sensor Pinout</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>VIN,</b></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="color: #656565;"> </b><span style="color: #444444;">also called VCC, is the power pin of the sensor. You have to connect it to 3.3v or 5v. </span></span></span></span></span></p></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b>is the ground pin that goes to the Arduino GND pin.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(85, 85, 255); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">SCL</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b>is the I2C clock pin that connects with the Arduino SCL clock pin.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="color: black;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 170, 0); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">SDA</span></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b>is the data pin of I2C that connects with the Arduino SDA pin.</span></span></p><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 1: Gather the Components</span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">You will need the following components:</span></span></p><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">MLX90614 sensor</span></span></li></ul><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino Uno board</span></span></li></ul><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Jumper wires</span></span></li></ul><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span>Step 2: </span></span>Circuit Diagram of MLX90614 and Arduino<span style="text-align: center;"> </span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">Follow the circuit and connect the <span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>VIN</b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="color: #656565;"> </b></span></span></span>pin of the MLX90614 sensor to the <span style="background: 0px 0px red; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; font-size: large; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>5v</b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: arial; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="color: #656565;"> </b></span></span></span>pin of the Arduino Uno, the <b style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>pin of the sensor to the <b style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px black; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">GND</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>pin of the Arduino Uno, and the <b style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 170, 0); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">SDA</span></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>and <b style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(85, 85, 255); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">SCL</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>pins of the sensor to the <b style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(85, 85, 255); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">A4</span></b><span style="background: 0px 0px white; border: 0px; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: arial; font-size: large; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b></span>and <b style="color: black; font-size: large;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 170, 0); border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: white; display: inline-block; font-family: arial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline;">A5</span></b> pins or SDA and SCL pins of the Arduino Uno, respectively.</span></span></p><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAtNGqhO-RBQzxhwI9S2DgeWO0BruF1YCxIdlSIfv7MpAGt-iOL6qJkklzfmc7U4rg4XEXqQDtctwHCCmRlF2hEAla_E6Tbw89Cr8fLq0UNdsg2ir4WtgDBo-MOlUVytrKpoZxUPUy8iP5fI3WDX9rKZTE91kNenfrCI0sEBzR0hczxm_f4rBBFk2dmQ/s599/Connect%20the%20MLX90614%20sensor%20to%20the%20breadboard.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Circuit Diagram of MLX90614 and Arduino Uno" border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="599" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAtNGqhO-RBQzxhwI9S2DgeWO0BruF1YCxIdlSIfv7MpAGt-iOL6qJkklzfmc7U4rg4XEXqQDtctwHCCmRlF2hEAla_E6Tbw89Cr8fLq0UNdsg2ir4WtgDBo-MOlUVytrKpoZxUPUy8iP5fI3WDX9rKZTE91kNenfrCI0sEBzR0hczxm_f4rBBFk2dmQ/w400-h320/Connect%20the%20MLX90614%20sensor%20to%20the%20breadboard.webp" title="Circuit Diagram of MLX90614 and Arduino Uno" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Circuit Diagram of MLX90614 and Arduino Uno</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 3: Installing Adafruit Library for </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">MLX90614</span></h3><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To install the Adafruit library for the MLX90614 temperature sensor, follow these steps:</span></span></p><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Go to Arduino IDE. Select "Sketch" from the menu bar, then select "Include Library"> "Manage Libraries." Or go to "Library Manager" in the new Arduino IDE. </span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the Library Manager window, search for "Adafruit MLX90614".</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Select the Adafruit MLX90614 library and click the "Install" button.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Wait for the installation to be completed.</span></span></li></ol><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strike><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Note:</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> If you encounter any errors during the library installation process, ensure that you have an active internet connection and that your Arduino IDE is up to date.<b>alert-info</b></span></strike></span></p></div><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 4: Arduino Code for MLX90614</span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Open the Arduino IDE and paste the following code into the code editor:</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">#include <Adafruit_MLX90614.h><br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Adafruit_MLX90614 mlx = Adafruit_MLX90614();<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">void setup() {<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.begin(9600);<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> mlx.begin(); <br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">}<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">void loop() {<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("Ambient Temperature: "); <br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.print(mlx.readAmbientTempC()); <br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("C / "); <br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.print(mlx.readAmbientTempF()); <br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("F");<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("Object Temperature: "); <br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.print(mlx.readObjectTempC()); <br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.print("C / "); <br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.print(mlx.readObjectTempF()); <br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.println("F");<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> Serial.println();<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"> delay(500);<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">}<b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><h4 style="text-align: left;">Arduino Code Explanation</h4><p style="text-align: left;">The serial communication is initialized in the <b>setup()</b> function, and the <b>begin()</b> function from the library is called to initialize the sensor.</p><p style="text-align: left;">In the <b>loop()</b> function, the ambient and object temperature readings in Celsius and Fahrenheit are printed to the serial monitor using the <b>readAmbientTempC()</b>, <b>readAmbientTempF()</b>, <b>readObjectTempC()</b>, and <b>readObjectTempF()</b> functions from the library.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The <b>delay(500)</b> function pauses the program for half a second before taking another reading.</p></span></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Step 5: Upload the Code to the Arduino Uno Board</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Connect the Arduino Uno board to your computer using a USB cable. Select the right port and upload the code to the board.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Step 6: View the Temperature Value on the Serial Monitor</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Once the Arduino code is uploaded, open the Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE. You should see the ambient temperature and object temperature readings in Celsius and Fahrenheit as follows:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZwSp9ihhkARsXoojxmRvJvaM-zryIx-_7b2dIJv3xwsLCICYGqhgLpB9LsgIQ9kGiMqNRaK51jTFQ_xbLxvkQDZVvoFeedpkiNyKxHA8dsyGvuVqUL6NHCAb7IdxmlrZaZOl00z25eNXaCtsY-KPiYM7pFf4Bo-VWyKOAjvfn8mColUWns7CmRvtKGg/s720/MLX90614%20sensor%20reading%20in%20arduino.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="MLX90614 Infrared Temperature Sensor output on Arduino" border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="720" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZwSp9ihhkARsXoojxmRvJvaM-zryIx-_7b2dIJv3xwsLCICYGqhgLpB9LsgIQ9kGiMqNRaK51jTFQ_xbLxvkQDZVvoFeedpkiNyKxHA8dsyGvuVqUL6NHCAb7IdxmlrZaZOl00z25eNXaCtsY-KPiYM7pFf4Bo-VWyKOAjvfn8mColUWns7CmRvtKGg/w640-h442/MLX90614%20sensor%20reading%20in%20arduino.webp" title="MLX90614 Infrared Temperature Sensor output on Arduino" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The MLX90614 Temperature Sensor Output on Arduino Serial Monitor</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Video Demonstration</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The following video demonstrates the operations and uses of the MLX90614 Infrared Temperature Sensor case.</span></p><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8FKow2Fk42c" width="320" youtube-src-id="8FKow2Fk42c"></iframe></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The MLX90614's non-contact temperature measurement capabilities make it useful in various applications, including industrial automation, medical devices, and home appliances. Its ability to accurately measure temperature without physical contact allows it to be used when contact sensors may not be suitable or safe. The MLX90614 is a reliable and accurate temperature sensor that can provide valuable, non-invasive temperature measurements.</span></p></div></div>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-88550534456462680262023-03-05T21:39:00.001+06:002023-03-05T21:39:17.516+06:00How to install Node-RED and AutoStart on boot on Raspberry pi?<div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Node-RED</b> is a powerful visual programming tool that allows users to easily create applications by connecting different nodes or blocks. It is popularly used in IoT (Internet of Things) to develop applications that connect and control various devices. If you plan to use Node-RED on a Raspberry Pi, install it with an auto-start feature. This article will guide you through installing Node-RED and auto-start on boot on your Raspberry Pi.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4u6UaedhQk_a-csHBRk178scbJaoWWLXnjRz5oRcluCqNi2RRZQGseQ-G_dUg_ErNLdZavcDvpQGnlv_Rl4nIEau1ONKgAJSvrug4PYQv07bUz_0kdz1SMI0e6MXdMOD-twRL-fBIJKbodmgVtp4Nv6NEOCYJCWSBanw81BIUX8-cN9PCh7WpOxV1g/s500/How%20to%20install%20Node-RED%20and%20AutoStart%20on%20boot%20on%20Raspberry%20pi.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="install Node-RED and AutoStart on boot on Raspberry pi" border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4u6UaedhQk_a-csHBRk178scbJaoWWLXnjRz5oRcluCqNi2RRZQGseQ-G_dUg_ErNLdZavcDvpQGnlv_Rl4nIEau1ONKgAJSvrug4PYQv07bUz_0kdz1SMI0e6MXdMOD-twRL-fBIJKbodmgVtp4Nv6NEOCYJCWSBanw81BIUX8-cN9PCh7WpOxV1g/s16000/How%20to%20install%20Node-RED%20and%20AutoStart%20on%20boot%20on%20Raspberry%20pi.webp" title="install Node-RED and AutoStart on boot on Raspberry pi" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Install Node-RED and AutoStart on boot on Raspberry pi</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 1: Installing Node-RED on </span>Raspberry Pi</h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To install Node-RED on your Raspberry Pi, you need to open the Terminal and type in the following command:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strike>bash <(curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/node-red/linux-installers/master/deb/update-nodejs-and-nodered)<b>code-box</b></strike></span></div><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This command will download and install Node-RED on your Raspberry Pi. Once the installation process is complete, you can run Node-RED by typing in the following command:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><strike>node-red <b>code-box</b></strike></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This command will start the Node-RED server, and you can access the Node-RED editor by opening your web browser and entering the following URL:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><strike>http://localhost:1880<b>code-box</b></strike></span></p><div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 2: AutoStart node-red on boot</span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To make sure that Node-RED starts automatically on boot, you need to create a service file. A service file is a configuration file that tells the system how to start and stop a particular service. Follow the steps below to create a service file for Node-RED:</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">1. Open the Terminal and type in the following command to create a new service file:</span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strike>sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/nodered.Service <b>code-box</b></strike></span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">2. Type the following code into the file:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">[Unit]<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Description=Node-RED<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">After=network.target<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">[Service]<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">ExecStart=/usr/bin/node-red<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Restart=on-failure<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">KillSignal=SIGINT<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">SyslogIdentifier=node-red<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">[Install]<br /></span><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">WantedBy=multi-user. Target <b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">3. Save and close the file by pressing Ctrl+X, followed by Y and Enter.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">4. Type in the following command to reload the systemd configuration:</span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strike>sudo systemctl daemon-reload <b>code-box</b></strike></span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">5. Finally, type in the following command to enable the Node-RED Service on boot:</span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strike>sudo systemctl enable nodered.service <b>code-box</b></strike></span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">That's it! Now Node-RED will start automatically every time you boot up your Raspberry Pi.</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></h3><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">This article discussed installing Node-RED and auto-start on boot on your Raspberry Pi. Node-RED is a powerful tool that can be used to create a wide range of applications, and it is especially useful in the field of IoT. The auto-start feature ensures that your Node-RED applications are always running, even after reboots.</span></p></div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"></p></div></div>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-7635918832975146912023-02-27T14:22:00.008+06:002023-09-29T23:04:18.831+06:00How to Interface Pulse Sensor with ESP8266 using Arduino Programming<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pulse sensors are small electronic devices that measure an individual's heart rate or pulse. These sensors are used in various applications, including fitness tracking, medical monitoring, and stress management. An ESP8266 board, or nodeMCU, a low-cost, low-power Wi-Fi microcontroller, can be used with a pulse sensor to create a web-connected device to monitor and display pulse data. In this article, we will show you how to use a pulse sensor with an ESP8266 board using Arduino.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-jAdfJtHkCn9N0PwhIHfs02jXik83PacQokFIjBH8xCgiPDmLECZWmwHQdg8LyEELXdT42MHwfQFpMgUUlNfdEtAyrhvbN_Zqms89Sy987Ng19-o2Ff_2YUJnCp-gr89ZvEn_9COu_ZSmiiDgrFsizWvIMYPBOMz8dK4t7fKH5Ab0rbmmHiJS_RKjeQ/s640/How%20to%20Interface%20a%20Pulse%20Sensor%20with%20ESP8266%20using%20Arduino%20Programming.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="How to Interface a Pulse Sensor with ESP8266 using Arduino Programming?" border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-jAdfJtHkCn9N0PwhIHfs02jXik83PacQokFIjBH8xCgiPDmLECZWmwHQdg8LyEELXdT42MHwfQFpMgUUlNfdEtAyrhvbN_Zqms89Sy987Ng19-o2Ff_2YUJnCp-gr89ZvEn_9COu_ZSmiiDgrFsizWvIMYPBOMz8dK4t7fKH5Ab0rbmmHiJS_RKjeQ/w640-h480/How%20to%20Interface%20a%20Pulse%20Sensor%20with%20ESP8266%20using%20Arduino%20Programming.webp" title="How to Interface a Pulse Sensor with ESP8266 using Arduino Programming?" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pulse Sensor with ESP8266</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">What You Will Need</span></span></h2><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a;"><span style="font-family: arial;">An ESP8266 board</span></span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A pulse sensor</span></span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino IDE</span></span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">USB cable</span></span></li></ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Getting Started with ESP8266 and Heartbeat Sensor</span></span></h2><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the pulse sensor to the <b>A0</b> pin of the ESP8266 board. Follow the <b>circuit diagram</b>.</span></span></li></ul><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbiTepR1VBO1QgkhDJCnZJDQit9HrycxGgOoYbK41VBKlwjPHyQjMHcACYRT5cTdfFsRUJmgx4zZloqpYMq7zYe8GG5eoA4toZ78E1oxYBc_J86Ns2BW1BpfVl47O6BWUCM1SFYrzvrM6U5ZSHSzhJDQ5qPBh4ui52O7xXH4zndIj586SGLbJRbHhUEw/s578/Circuit%20diagram%20of%20a%20Pulse%20Sensor%20with%20ESP8266%20using%20Arduino%20.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="578" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbiTepR1VBO1QgkhDJCnZJDQit9HrycxGgOoYbK41VBKlwjPHyQjMHcACYRT5cTdfFsRUJmgx4zZloqpYMq7zYe8GG5eoA4toZ78E1oxYBc_J86Ns2BW1BpfVl47O6BWUCM1SFYrzvrM6U5ZSHSzhJDQ5qPBh4ui52O7xXH4zndIj586SGLbJRbHhUEw/w400-h338/Circuit%20diagram%20of%20a%20Pulse%20Sensor%20with%20ESP8266%20using%20Arduino%20.png" width="400" /></a></div></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the ESP8266 board to your computer using a USB cable.</span></span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Open the Arduino IDE and select your ESP8266 board from the Tools menu.</span></span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Install the PulseSensorPlayground library by navigating to Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries and searching for "PulseSensorPlayground." Click the Install button to install the library.</span></span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Copy and paste the following code into the Arduino IDE:</span></span></li></ul><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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<div><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>// Include the necessary libraries<br />#include <ESP8266WiFi.h><br />#include <WiFiClient.h><br />#include <ESP8266WebServer.h><br />#include <PulseSensorPlayground.h><br />// Replace with your network credentials<br />const char* ssid = "your_SSID";<br />const char* password = "your_PASSWORD";<br />// Create an instance of the server<br />ESP8266WebServer server(80);<br />// Define the pin for the pulse sensor<br />const int pulsePin = A0;<br />// Create an instance of the pulse sensor<br />PulseSensorPlayground pulseSensor;<br />void setup() {<br /> // Start serial communication<br /> Serial.begin(115200);<br /> // Connect to Wi-Fi<br /> WiFi.begin(ssid, password);<br /> while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {<br /> delay(1000);<br /> Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");<br /> }<br /> // Print the IP address<br /> Serial.println("WiFi connected");<br /> Serial.println("IP address: ");<br /> Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());<br /> // Initialize the pulse sensor<br /> pulseSensor.begin();<br /> pulseSensor.setPin(pulsePin);<br /> pulseSensor.setThreshold(550);<br /> // Set up the server<br /> server.on("/", handleRoot);<br /> server.on("/pulse", handlePulse);<br /> server.begin();<br />}<br />void loop() {<br /> // Update the pulse sensor<br /> pulseSensor.update();<br /> // Handle incoming client requests<br /> server.handleClient();<br />}<br />void handleRoot() {<br /> // Send the HTML page to the client<br /> String html = "<html><body><h1>ESP8266 Pulse Sensor</h1>";<br /> html += "<p>Visit /pulse to get the current pulse value.</p>";<br /> html += "</body></html>";<br /> server.send(200, "text/html", html);<br />}<br />void handlePulse() {<br /> // Get the current pulse value<br /> int pulse = pulseSensor.getBeatsPerMinute();<br /> // Send the pulse value to the client<br /> String pulseString = String(pulse);<br /> server.send(200, "text/plain", pulseString);<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p><div style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Replace the SSID and PASSWORD placeholders with your network credentials.</li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Upload the code to the ESP8266 board.</span></li></ul><div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">How It Works</span></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The code uses the PulseSensorPlayground library to read the pulse sensor value and the ESP8266WiFi library to connect to Wi-Fi and set up a web server. The code defines a handleRoot() function that sends an HTML page to the client and a handlePulse() function that sends the current pulse value to the client. The loop() function updates the pulse sensor and handles incoming client requests. When clients visit the server's IP address, they are shown an HTML page that displays a message and a link to the /pulse endpoint. When the /pulse endpoint is visited, the server sends the current pulse value to the client as plain text.</span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Arduino Code Explanation</h2></div><div><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>// Include the necessary libraries<br />#include <ESP8266WiFi.h><br />#include <WiFiClient.h><br />#include <ESP8266WebServer.h><br />#include <PulseSensorPlayground.h><b>code-box</b></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;">This section includes the necessary libraries for the ESP8266, including the WiFi library, the Web Server library, and the Pulse Sensor Playground library.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>// Replace with your network credentials<br />const char* ssid = "your_SSID";<br />const char* password = "your_PASSWORD";<b>code-box</b></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;">Here, you need to replace "your_SSID" and "your_PASSWORD" with the credentials for your Wi-Fi network.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>// Create an instance of the server<br />ESP8266WebServer server(80);<b>code-box</b></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;">This line creates an instance of the Web Server on port 80.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>// Define the pin for the pulse sensor<br />const int pulsePin = A0;<b>code-box</b></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;">This line defines the pin that the Pulse Sensor is connected to. In this case, it is connected to A0.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>// Create an instance of the pulse sensor<br />PulseSensorPlayground pulseSensor;<b>code-box</b></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;">This line creates an instance of the PulseSensorPlayground object.</p>
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<p style="text-align: left;"><strike>void setup() {<br /> // Start serial communication<br /> Serial.begin(115200);<br /> // Connect to Wi-Fi<br /> WiFi.begin(ssid, password);<br /> while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {<br /> delay(1000);<br /> Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");<br /> }<br /> // Print the IP address<br /> Serial.println("WiFi connected");<br /> Serial.println("IP address: ");<br /> Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());<br /> // Initialize the pulse sensor<br /> pulseSensor.begin();<br /> pulseSensor.setPin(pulsePin);<br /> pulseSensor.setThreshold(550);<br /> // Set up the server<br /> server.on("/", handleRoot);<br /> server.on("/pulse", handlePulse);<br /> server.begin();<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;">The setup function sets up the ESP8266 by starting serial communication, connecting to Wi-Fi, initializing the pulse sensor, and setting up the server with two routes ("/" and "/pulse") and their corresponding handler functions ("handleRoot" and "handlePulse").</p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>void loop() {<br /> // Update the pulse sensor<br /> pulseSensor.update();<br /> // Handle incoming client requests<br /> server.handleClient();<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;">The loop function updates the pulse sensor and handles incoming client requests.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>void handleRoot() {<br /> // Send the HTML page to the client<br /> String html = "<html><body><h1>ESP8266 Pulse Sensor</h1>";<br /> html += "<p>Visit /pulse to get the current pulse value.</p>";<br /> html += "</body></html>";<br /> server.send(200, "text/html", html);<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;">The "handleRoot" function sends an HTML page to the client with instructions on how to get the current pulse value.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>void handlePulse() {<br /> // Get the current pulse value<br /> int pulse = pulseSensor.getBeatsPerMinute();<br /> // Send the pulse value to the client<br /> String pulseString = String(pulse);<br /> server.send(200, "text/plain", pulseString);<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p><p style="text-align: left;">The "handlePulse" function gets the current pulse value from the pulse sensor and sends it to the client.</p></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Conclusion</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Using a pulse sensor with an ESP8266 board can be a fun and easy way to create a web-connected device to monitor and display pulse data. With the help of the Arduino IDE and a few libraries, you can quickly create a functional pulse sensor device. This article has helped get you started with using a pulse sensor with an ESP8266 board using Arduino. Happy coding!</span></p></div></div></div></span></div>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-24804934139113405802023-02-23T21:22:00.003+06:002023-02-27T16:13:30.631+06:00How to Install Node-RED on MacOS?<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvHYldqGo-kgcl3zpmwX6fgRfbSk0GAOiDSpzmiGkl22OPyaun8nH1ctDcPfV6JfdirQQlR0qsPwRH_oWMDgYQVCuiM4gDYqQieIaMdu5SSMHyKW1X69Kq_iOFqT-hnzEGlf8G-oeOQYX83GTFkyriWTibZOjqCzN9tRnHZPh_oPpCafsML9nIltjMjw/s16000/How%20to%20Install%20Node-RED%20on%20MacOS.webp" style="display: none;" /> <p><span style="font-family: arial;"><strong>Node-RED</strong> is a powerful visual tool for building IoT applications, automating workflows, and connecting devices and services. It uses a browser-based flow editor to create and modify flows, which can be connected to various APIs and services using built-in nodes or third-party modules. If you're a Mac user and want to install <b>Node-RED</b>, this article will guide you through the step-by-step process.</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiohFvCgopFme78yQ-EzWAAsmRffZxylioNEah832mBLqJRi4tqgVIHrbIFRr5Qehk__JmZs-JoK6D4JdMajMq8MuPbSYpqUolQfNFvQjuOLrSacPe08Ogb366ou3KHXuQPHPH3Ckf3xxrO6lZiy3lIbxwhY9OyR9bJhfGCs9dAiJSUC6zpl5jG0id3VQ/s1222/Windows-vs-macOS%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Install Node-Red on MacOS" border="0" data-original-height="815" data-original-width="1222" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiohFvCgopFme78yQ-EzWAAsmRffZxylioNEah832mBLqJRi4tqgVIHrbIFRr5Qehk__JmZs-JoK6D4JdMajMq8MuPbSYpqUolQfNFvQjuOLrSacPe08Ogb366ou3KHXuQPHPH3Ckf3xxrO6lZiy3lIbxwhY9OyR9bJhfGCs9dAiJSUC6zpl5jG0id3VQ/w640-h426/Windows-vs-macOS%20(1).jpg" title="Install Node-Red on MacOS" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Install Node-Red on MacOS</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Installing node.js on MacOS</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Before we begin, ensure you have the latest version of Node.js installed on your Mac. You can download it from the official website at <a href="https://nodejs.org/en/download/">https://nodejs.org/en/download/</a>. Node-RED requires at least version 12 or later of <b>Node.js</b>, so ensure you have an up-to-date version installed.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Installing Node-RED on Mac Machine</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Once you have <strong>Node.js</strong> installed, you can proceed with installing Node-RED. Here are the steps:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Open the Terminal app on your Mac by clicking on the magnifying glass icon in the top right corner of your screen, typing "Terminal" in the search bar, and then clicking on the Terminal app icon.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Type the following command in the Terminal window to install Node-RED:</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">This command will install <b>Node-RED</b> globally on your <b>Mac</b>.</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Wait for the installation to complete. This installation may take a few minutes, depending on your internet connection speed.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">Once the installation is complete, you can start Node-RED by typing the following command in the Terminal window:</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">This will start Node-RED and open a browser window at <a href="http://localhost:1880/">http://localhost:1880</a>, where you can access the Node-RED editor.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">That's it! You have successfully installed Node-RED on your Mac. You can start building flows and connecting devices and services to create powerful IoT applications and automate workflows.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Also, read the following on How to use the Node-RED uibuilder node to build a custom dashboard:</b></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.programmingboss.com/2020/09/node-red-dashboard-uibuilder-node-with.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Node-RED uibuilder Dashboard uibuilder Node with Example" border="0" data-original-height="146" data-original-width="500" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX8y3PVoG46-eaNNinIhWTRVSWLSpDs2ZvICVJzXhm4YOIhKoKKhnskJctuDuBmzE192JCZWOWK7t52PvOKfMayv3kuGTWSDaWCcAVAM6PvlCkoTRstgcTGw5Pq1qO9sNT4nkSoMIWGcwX9KucPyrBjOIeMszZyCsw7NvJx7MSBimMCUSHlIFJ9zFsVA/w640-h186/Node-RED%20uibuilder%20Dashboard%20uibuilder%20Node%20with%20Example.png" title="Node-RED uibuilder Dashboard uibuilder Node with Example" width="640" /></a></div><p></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Tips to get started with Node-RED on Mac:</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">To stop Node-RED, press Ctrl-C in the Terminal window where it is running.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">To start Node-RED on startup, when you log in to your Mac, you can add a launch agent to the launch <b>ctl+system</b>. For more information on how to do this, see the Node-RED documentation.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;">To install additional nodes and modules, use the Node-RED Palette Manager or the npm command-line tool.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary</span></h4>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Node-RED is a powerful tool for building IoT applications, automating workflows, and connecting devices and services. Following the steps outlined in this article, you can easily install Node-RED on your Mac and start building your flows. Happy coding!</span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-65739436798307089112023-02-11T17:12:00.006+06:002023-02-27T16:27:30.210+06:00How to Interface Rotary Encoder with ESP32?<p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Interfacing a <b>rotary encoder</b> with an <b>ESP32 </b>microcontroller is a straightforward process that can be achieved using a few essential components and a small amount of programming knowledge. This article will explore the steps involved in interfacing a rotary encoder with the ESP32 and discuss some of the benefits of using this input device. </span></span></p><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihk8lzkkzwD4WPtFBXF6RuO_Lvcn_hs_uq9vJ5JyAH3Qnx4jdKghQP32hEj3HXlBP0JUx_r5Zshpcchrk4fL3voEFZzXt9UVfGjC25Q0dv7XdJTKwL-XGslBFAeOCtzz9uIkTY2c30JjGzK8mPNdhAGgafjSeEUyTY7i1vJ3OoNgzZk-EiXlz5AFSVIg/s500/How%20to%20Interface%20Rotary%20Encoder%20with%20ESP32.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="How to Interface Rotary Encoder with ESP32?" border="0" data-original-height="359" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihk8lzkkzwD4WPtFBXF6RuO_Lvcn_hs_uq9vJ5JyAH3Qnx4jdKghQP32hEj3HXlBP0JUx_r5Zshpcchrk4fL3voEFZzXt9UVfGjC25Q0dv7XdJTKwL-XGslBFAeOCtzz9uIkTY2c30JjGzK8mPNdhAGgafjSeEUyTY7i1vJ3OoNgzZk-EiXlz5AFSVIg/s16000/How%20to%20Interface%20Rotary%20Encoder%20with%20ESP32.webp" title="How to Interface Rotary Encoder with ESP32?" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">How to Interface Rotary Encoder with ESP32?</span></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">What is a Rotary Encoder?</span></span></h3><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">The Rotary Encoder is a device that generates two square wave output signals and a common pin used to determine the rotating position and direction. It works by having a disk with evenly spaced contact zones connected to the common pin and two separate contact pins, A and B.</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuG6wiIndNaZ472j18ilpUPAPz4qAMEL_Q5yWb-aoVH2VePO5phRcjVU9Xo_AX_Ai0Qu0j3h90chzxgQsiLQtJ9pL4uxiAXoFyh86pQ4IRaUlAMTPe20d9CHfpqmn_6Xp_pSeRSv2kmzrfwL9cyEvhVCDkvMwWZR1JDYnVWdoTAk88NWUyOysZtneB7w/s377/images%20(1).png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Rotary Encoder Mechanism" border="0" data-original-height="133" data-original-width="377" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuG6wiIndNaZ472j18ilpUPAPz4qAMEL_Q5yWb-aoVH2VePO5phRcjVU9Xo_AX_Ai0Qu0j3h90chzxgQsiLQtJ9pL4uxiAXoFyh86pQ4IRaUlAMTPe20d9CHfpqmn_6Xp_pSeRSv2kmzrfwL9cyEvhVCDkvMwWZR1JDYnVWdoTAk88NWUyOysZtneB7w/w400-h141/images%20(1).png" title="Rotary Encoder Mechanism" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Rotary Encoder Mechanism</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Pins A and B connect with the common pin as the disk rotates, generating the two square wave output signals. The rotated position can be determined by counting the number of pulses in the signal. However, both signals must be considered simultaneously to determine the rotation direction.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">The two output signals are displaced at 90 degrees from each other and are out of phase. If the encoder rotates clockwise, output A is ahead of output B. If the encoder rotates counterclockwise, the output signals have equal values. The rotation direction can be determined by observing the values of the two signals at the time of change, from High to Low or Low to High.</span></p><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Incremental_directional_encoder.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Conceptual drawing of a rotary incremental encoder sensor mechanism, with the corresponding logic states of the A and B signals" border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="387" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Incremental_directional_encoder.gif" title="Conceptual drawing of a rotary incremental encoder sensor mechanism, with the corresponding logic states of the A and B signals" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 18px; text-align: start;">Rotary Encoder Sensor Mechanism</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Parts Required</span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To interface a rotary encoder with an ESP32, you will need the following components:</span></span></p><ol style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32 microcontroller</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Rotary encoder</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Breadboard and jumper wires</span></span></li></ol><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Connecting the Components</span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To connect the components, you will need to follow these steps:</span></span></p><ol style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the power and ground pins of the ESP32 to the power and ground rails of the breadboard. Follow the circuit diagram.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the two output pins of the rotary encoder to two digital input pins on the ESP32.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect a 10k ohm pull-up resistor between the rotary encoder's output pins and the power rail.</span></span></li></ol><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Circuit diagram of ESP32 Rotary Encoder</span></h3><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghFjAQN64KEaR4hvGQ8pW13pHRq1lkRRo3q_ziZMri7ZBFUCjMgMtdBhEPfdlTGCvUR8orptUFn83EC41ZRIQugkk0XOAWCv7dxBqTq3pCzoAc8Y5QleZg-NU8cDkIJtPouYtWbqo16DkQNNcwJOIj_IotmIAj5Q-ezdfZABy2r09tTdbTmPyV8s-lhg/s572/Screenshot_5.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Interfacing Rotary Encoder with ESP32" border="0" data-original-height="572" data-original-width="572" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghFjAQN64KEaR4hvGQ8pW13pHRq1lkRRo3q_ziZMri7ZBFUCjMgMtdBhEPfdlTGCvUR8orptUFn83EC41ZRIQugkk0XOAWCv7dxBqTq3pCzoAc8Y5QleZg-NU8cDkIJtPouYtWbqo16DkQNNcwJOIj_IotmIAj5Q-ezdfZABy2r09tTdbTmPyV8s-lhg/w400-h400/Screenshot_5.png" title="Interfacing Rotary Encoder with ESP32" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Interfacing Rotary Encoder with ESP32</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></span></div><p></p></div><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Programming the ESP32</span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Once the components are connected, you can begin programming the ESP32 to read the rotary encoder's inputs and perform an action based on the rotation of the shaft. To do this, you will need to use the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and write a sketch that implements the following steps:</span></span></p><ol style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Initialize the digital input pins of the ESP32 that are connected to the rotary encoder.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Read the state of the rotary encoder's output pins.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Determine the direction of rotation based on the state of the output pins.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Perform an action based on the direction of rotation, such as adjusting an LED's brightness or controlling a motor's speed.</span></span></li></ol><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino code for Encoder with ESP32</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><div><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><strike><div>#define ENCODER_A 15</div><div>#define ENCODER_B 14</div><div>#define BUTTON 12</div><div>int encoderPos = 0;</div><div>int lastEncoderPos = 0;</div><div>int buttonState = 0;</div><div>int lastButtonState = 0;</div><div><br /></div><div>void setup() {</div><div> pinMode(ENCODER_A, INPUT_PULLUP);</div><div> pinMode(ENCODER_B, INPUT_PULLUP);</div><div> pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);</div><div>}</div><div><br /></div><div>void loop() {</div><div> encoderPos += (digitalRead(ENCODER_A) == digitalRead(ENCODER_B)) ? -1 : 1;</div><div> buttonState = digitalRead(BUTTON);</div><div> if (buttonState != lastButtonState) {</div><div> if (buttonState == LOW) {</div><div> encoderPos = 0;</div><div> }</div><div> lastButtonState = buttonState;</div><div> }</div><div> if (encoderPos != lastEncoderPos) {</div><div> lastEncoderPos = encoderPos;</div><div> Serial.println(encoderPos, DEC);</div><div> }</div><div>}<b>code-box</b></div></strike></span></div><div style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32 Code breakdown</span></h3><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Pin Definitions:</span></h4><div><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><strike>#define ENCODER_A 15<br />#define ENCODER_B 14<br />#define BUTTON 12 <b>code-box</b></strike></div><p style="text-align: left;">The digital pins connected to the rotary encoder's two output signals and the push button are defined as constants with names ENCODER_A, ENCODER_B, and BUTTON. These constants make the code more readable and easier to modify.</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">Variables for Encoder and Button:</h4><div><div style="text-align: left;"><strike>int encoderPos = 0;<br />int lastEncoderPos = 0;<br />int buttonState = 0;<br />int lastButtonState = 0; <b>code-box</b></strike></div></div><p style="text-align: left;">In these lines, the variables encoderPos and lastEncoderPos are used to keep track of the current and previous positions of the rotary encoder, respectively. The variables buttonState and lastButtonState are used to keep track of the current and previous state of the push button, respectively.</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">Setting pin modes:</h4><div><div style="text-align: left;"><strike>void setup() {<br /> pinMode(ENCODER_A, INPUT_PULLUP);<br /> pinMode(ENCODER_B, INPUT_PULLUP);<br /> pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);<br />} <b>code-box</b></strike></div></div><p style="text-align: left;">In the setup() function, the input mode of the digital pins is connected to the rotary encoder, and the push button is set to INPUT_PULLUP. This means that the internal pull-up resistors are enabled, which is necessary to avoid false readings when the rotary encoder switches between the two output signals or the button is pressed.</p><h4 style="text-align: left;">Encoder and Button Readings:</h4><div><div style="text-align: left;"><strike>void loop() {<br /> encoderPos += (digitalRead(ENCODER_A) == digitalRead(ENCODER_B)) ? -1 : 1;<br /> buttonState = digitalRead(BUTTON);<br /> if (buttonState != lastButtonState) {<br /> if (buttonState == LOW) {<br /> encoderPos = 0;<br /> }<br /> lastButtonState = buttonState;<br /> }<br /> if (encoderPos != lastEncoderPos) {<br /> lastEncoderPos = encoderPos;<br /> Serial.println(encoderPos, DEC);<br /> }<br />} <b>code-box</b></strike></div></div><div><p style="text-align: left;">In the loop() function, the current position of the rotary encoder is calculated by checking the state of the two output signals using the digitalRead() function. If the two signals are the same, the encoderPos are decreased; if they are different, the encoderPos are incremented.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The current state of the push button is also read using the digitalRead() function and stored in the buttonState variable. If the button state has changed since the last reading, the encoderPos is reset to zero if the button is pressed (i.e., buttonState is LOW). The lastButtonState variable is then updated to reflect the current button state.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Finally, if the position of the rotary encoder has changed since the last reading, the encoderPos is printed to the serial monitor using the Serial.println() function.</p></div></span></div><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Benefits of Using a Rotary Encoder</span></span></h3><p style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There are several benefits to using a rotary encoder with an ESP32, including:</span></span></p><ol style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Precise Control:</b> Rotary encoders control a shaft's rotation, making them ideal for volume control, motor control, and user interfaces.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Robust Design:</b> Rotary encoders are durable and can withstand repeated use, making them a reliable choice for demanding applications.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Easy to Use:</b> Rotary encoders are simple to connect and program, making them popular for hobbyists and beginners.</span></span></li></ol><h3 style="color: #0e101a; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Interfacing a rotary encoder with an ESP32 is a straightforward process that can provide precise control and reliability in various applications. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can easily add a rotary encoder to your next ESP32 project.</span></span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-75583286221610866932023-02-09T00:53:00.009+06:002023-02-09T01:08:50.798+06:00Comparing the ESP32 vs. ESP8266 for IoT Projects: Which One is Right for You?<p><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32 and ESP8266 are two microcontroller boards developed by Espressif Systems that are popularly used for building Internet of Things (IoT) projects. These boards are compact, low-power, and have built-in Wi-Fi connectivity, making them an ideal choice for many applications.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYTuZ_qAG-pPZIhMXJA4ruk1g6DskRypOX9EW53dLl_P9W3AKhCtAuep6CaKNaAm0_1ZEDGoz-sDUOwTdwmGy1JFPpYQCZWP7secIJkuvePNrksQ0euQXNzms95FxPyAAvI4vKCxES1CjY2Cc-C4o6YDG0u9Fp0aoXX2EKEW7Af3WokthQZ6L19Q8rbg/s750/Comparing%20the%20ESP32%20vs%20ESP8266%20for%20IoT%20Projects.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Comparing the ESP32 vs. ESP8266 for IoT Projects" border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="750" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYTuZ_qAG-pPZIhMXJA4ruk1g6DskRypOX9EW53dLl_P9W3AKhCtAuep6CaKNaAm0_1ZEDGoz-sDUOwTdwmGy1JFPpYQCZWP7secIJkuvePNrksQ0euQXNzms95FxPyAAvI4vKCxES1CjY2Cc-C4o6YDG0u9Fp0aoXX2EKEW7Af3WokthQZ6L19Q8rbg/w640-h360/Comparing%20the%20ESP32%20vs%20ESP8266%20for%20IoT%20Projects.webp" title="Comparing the ESP32 vs. ESP8266 for IoT Projects" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Comparing the ESP32 vs. ESP8266</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h3><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32 vs. ESP8266</span></h3><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP32 is a dual-core microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It has powerful processing power, memory, and peripherals compared to the ESP8266, making it suitable for complex IoT projects requiring more computational power. The ESP32 supports the 802.11b/g/n/ac Wi-Fi standard and has Bluetooth 4.2 capability, making it an ideal choice for applications requiring Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity. The board also has 34 GPIOs and 2 ADC pins, providing ample connectivity options for various sensors and other peripherals.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">On the other hand, the ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microcontroller often used for IoT projects and home automation. Despite its limited processing power and memory compared to the ESP32, the ESP8266 is easier to use and has a large community of users and resources available. The board supports the 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard but lacks the Bluetooth capability of the ESP32. It has 16 GPIOs and 1 ADC pin, sufficient for simple IoT projects.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Power consumption is an important aspect to consider when choosing between the ESP32 and ESP8266. The ESP8266 has lower power consumption than the ESP32, making it more suitable for battery-powered projects. However, the ESP32 has a lower power consumption than traditional microcontroller boards, and its dual-core design enables power-saving features unavailable on the ESP8266.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">In terms of price, the ESP8266 is generally lower than the ESP32. However, the ESP32 is still an affordable option for building IoT projects, and its additional features and capabilities make it a better choice for more complex applications.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Technical differences between the ESP32 and ESP8266:</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th><span style="font-family: arial;">Feature</span></th>
<th><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP32</span></th>
<th><span style="font-family: arial;">ESP8266</span></th>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Microcontroller</span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">Dual-core 32-bit processor</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">Single-core 32-bit processor</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Wi-Fi</span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">802.11b/g/n/ac</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">802.11b/g/n</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Bluetooth</span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">Bluetooth 4.2</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">No Bluetooth</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">RAM</span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">520 KB</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">80 KB</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Flash Memory</span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">16 MB</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">4 MB</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">GPIOs</span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">34</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">16</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">ADC Pins</span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">2</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">1</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Operating Voltage</span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">3.3 V</span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">3.3 V</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Power Consumption </span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">Low Powered</span></td><td><span style="font-family: arial;">Lower compared to ESP32</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Price</span></b></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">Higher compared to ESP8266 </span></td>
<td><span style="font-family: arial;">Lower compared to ESP32</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Choosing the right board for an IoT project can be challenging, as several factors need to be considered. However, by understanding your project's requirements and the capabilities of different boards, you can make an informed decision that will ensure the success of your project.</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">A step-by-step approach to select the perfect board for an IoT project:</span></h4>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Determine your project's requirements:</b> Before searching for a board, you must clearly understand your IoT project's requirements. Consider factors such as the number of sensors and other peripherals you need to connect, the type of connectivity you need (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.), and the amount of computational power required.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Consider the size and power consumption:</b> If your project is battery-powered, it's essential to choose a board that has low power consumption. The board size is also important, as it affects the overall size of your IoT device.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Evaluate the connectivity options:</b> Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are IoT projects' most common connectivity options. Consider the type of Wi-Fi standard you need (802.11b/g/n or 802.11b/g/n/ac) and whether you need Bluetooth connectivity.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Look at the number of GPIOs and ADC pins:</b> The number of GPIOs and ADC pins determines the number of sensors and other peripherals you can connect to the board. Consider the number of sensors you need to connect and choose a board with enough GPIOs and ADC pins to support your project.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Consider the price:</b> IoT boards vary in price, and choosing a board that fits your budget is essential. Remember that more advanced boards with more features tend to be more expensive.</span></li></ol>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Suppose you're building a smart home system that controls the lighting and temperature in your home using a mobile app. In this case, you need a board with Wi-Fi connectivity, enough GPIOs to connect to a few sensors and actuators, and low power consumption, as the system will run 24/7.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP32 would be a suitable choice for this project based on these requirements. It has dual-core processing power, integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity, and enough GPIOs to support the sensors and actuators required. Its low power consumption and compact size make it a good fit for this application.</span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In conclusion, the ESP32 and ESP8266 are excellent choices for building IoT projects, and the best one depends on your project's specific requirements. The ESP32 is ideal for complex projects requiring more computational power, while the ESP8266 is a better choice for simple, easy, and cost-effective simple tasks. Ultimately, both boards offer a powerful platform for building IoT projects and allow you to bring your ideas to life effortlessly.</span></p><p></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-46730087981010209102023-02-04T23:59:00.001+06:002023-02-05T10:32:22.494+06:00Unleash the Potential of ChatGPT: A Guide on How to Earn Money Using ChatGPT<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #0e101a;"><b>ChatGPT</b> is a significant language model developed by <b>OpenAI </b>that can generate human-like responses to natural language input. With its advanced language processing capabilities, ChatGPT has opened up new opportunities for businesses and individuals to earn money. In this article, we will discuss some ways you can use ChatGPT to make money.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZtaVGZ5hVxplIWmU_YeC-q6bKa7wINY52V3swqWEU0cI7psj4-DB5PA2NtCeoeIfDYAKUPhFWdEfIGhN7_aQ864en-qO3-Oyxo3tJOuCuJnLMX-v019V1rse1ERrFVv6-kA0gDB-6eB-J4WFaJJHLjMsi8psSEW3VR9lwdvj5DTPGCKZlzeMLCBcw1g/s700/Unleash%20the%20Potential%20of%20ChatGPT%20A%20Guide%20on%20How%20to%20Earn%20Money%20Using%20ChatGPT.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Unleash the Potential of ChatGPT: A Guide on How to Earn Money Using ChatGPT" border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="700" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZtaVGZ5hVxplIWmU_YeC-q6bKa7wINY52V3swqWEU0cI7psj4-DB5PA2NtCeoeIfDYAKUPhFWdEfIGhN7_aQ864en-qO3-Oyxo3tJOuCuJnLMX-v019V1rse1ERrFVv6-kA0gDB-6eB-J4WFaJJHLjMsi8psSEW3VR9lwdvj5DTPGCKZlzeMLCBcw1g/w640-h480/Unleash%20the%20Potential%20of%20ChatGPT%20A%20Guide%20on%20How%20to%20Earn%20Money%20Using%20ChatGPT.webp" title="Unleash the Potential of ChatGPT: A Guide on How to Earn Money Using ChatGPT" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Guide on How to Earn Money Using ChatGPT</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Five ways to earn money using OpenA ChatGPT</span></h3><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><b>Chatbot Development:</b> One of the most popular uses of ChatGPT is in the development of chatbots. Businesses and organizations constantly look for ways to automate customer service, lead generation, and support. By developing chatbots powered by ChatGPT, you can offer these services to these businesses and earn money.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><b>Content Creation:</b> Another way to earn money using ChatGPT is to generate articles, blog posts, product descriptions, and other types of content for websites and businesses. With its ability to produce human-like responses, ChatGPT can create high-quality content that can be used for various purposes.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><b>Consulting Services:</b> If you have expertise in language processing and AI, you can offer ChatGPT-powered services for language-related tasks such as language translation, summarization, and question-answering. You can earn money by providing these services to businesses and individuals.</span></li><li><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><b>AI-Powered Products:</b> You can also use ChatGPT to develop and sell AI-powered products such as virtual writing assistants, personal shopping or financial advisors, and language learning tools. By leveraging the capabilities of ChatGPT, you can create innovative and beneficial products that can be sold to a wide range of customers.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Research and development:</b> If you are interested in research and development, you can participate in language processing and AI projects and earn money through grants or contracts. By working on these projects, you can stay at the forefront of innovation in this field and make money.</span></span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Some other ways of earning money using OpenAI ChatGPT</span></h3><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">ChatGPT is an extensive language model developed by OpenAI that uses deep learning techniques to generate human-like text based on its input. It can be used for various tasks, including language translation, text summarization, question answering, and more. There are various ways to earn money using ChatGPT, such as creating chatbots for businesses, providing consulting services to help organizations integrate ChatGPT into their workflow, training the model for specific use cases, and selling pre-trained models or applications that use ChatGPT. One can also offer language-related services such as content creation, copywriting, and data analysis.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;"><u><strike><a href="https://www.programmingboss.com/2023/01/chatgpt-advanced-language-model-for-Natural-Language-Processing.html" target="_blank">ChatGPT: An Advanced Language Model for Natural Language Processing.</a> <b>alert-info</b></strike></u></span></p><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">How to create a ChatGPT account? </span></span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">To use ChatGPT, you must create an account on the OpenAI website and log in. You can then access the API to develop your chatbots, content, products, or services.</span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><p></p><ol style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Visit the<a href="https://chat.openai.com/" target="_blank"> OpenAI website </a>(</span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://openai.com/" style="background: transparent; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;" target="_blank"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background: transparent; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">https://openai.com/</span></a><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">).</span></span></li><li style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Click on the "Sign Up" button on the top right corner of the page.</span></span></li><li style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Fill in the required information, such as your name, email address, and password.</span></span></li><li style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Verify your email address by clicking on the link sent to your email.</span></span></li><li style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background: transparent; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Log in to your account using your email address and password.</span></span></li></ol><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial;">Conclusion:</span></h3><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In conclusion, ChatGPT offers businesses and individuals a wide range of opportunities to earn money. Whether you are a chatbot developer, content creator, consultant, AI product developer, or researcher, you can leverage the capabilities of ChatGPT to create innovative and valuable products and services. Make sure to familiarize yourself with the licensing terms and conditions of OpenAI before using ChatGPT for commercial purposes.</span></span></p></div>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-8008581542648535202023-01-31T23:09:00.002+06:002023-01-31T23:09:56.185+06:00The Human Brain vs. Computer Processors<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">What is a computer?</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><p>A computer is an electronic device capable of processing data, storing information, and carrying out complex operations based on instructions given to it in the form of computer programs. The essential components of a computer include the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input and output devices, and storage devices. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6RH220AEoHj86RtH5JqFwZKbciFuqXKwX0chyNAK-74CA673Ud8QglLhkSKUr9rkdjtSD3Ptaleh4uTp9_yTYxuvBppxOdpxyaXOSV4wF-mYOsb-0NfzYCir7W7DMKF57lQt3L1Qd2j7P8A407PrD2VJ0f23h8_XDyD-3K_ayMrZ2_jivwrfB5SRODw/s500/The%20Human%20Brain%20vs.%20Computer%20Processors.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6RH220AEoHj86RtH5JqFwZKbciFuqXKwX0chyNAK-74CA673Ud8QglLhkSKUr9rkdjtSD3Ptaleh4uTp9_yTYxuvBppxOdpxyaXOSV4wF-mYOsb-0NfzYCir7W7DMKF57lQt3L1Qd2j7P8A407PrD2VJ0f23h8_XDyD-3K_ayMrZ2_jivwrfB5SRODw/w640-h480/The%20Human%20Brain%20vs.%20Computer%20Processors.webp" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Human Brain vs. Computer Processors</td></tr></tbody></table><p>A computer can be used for various purposes, including word processing, data analysis, communication, gaming, and multimedia entertainment. With the development of the internet, computers have become an integral part of our daily lives and have revolutionized how we work, communicate, and access information.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Difference Between Brain and Computer</h3></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The human brain and computers are incredibly complex systems that play a critical role in our lives. While they both perform similar functions, such as processing information and carrying out operations, they have distinct differences that set them apart.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> The human brain and computer processors are two fundamentally different information processing systems. While both can process information, they do so in vastly different ways, each with unique strengths and weaknesses. This article will compare the two, highlighting their fundamental differences.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Speed</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">One of the most significant differences between the human brain and computer processors is speed. Computer processors can perform complex calculations at lightning speed, while the human brain operates much more slowly. A computer processor can execute billions of calculations per second, while the human brain can only process information at a fraction of that speed. However, it's important to note that the human brain operates in parallel, processing multiple tasks simultaneously, making it highly efficient for certain tasks.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Precision </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Another important difference between the human brain and computer processors is precision. Computer processors can perform complex calculations with high precision, while the human brain is prone to errors and biases. This can lead to mistakes in decision-making and problem-solving. On the other hand, the human brain can learn from mistakes and correct them over time, leading to improved accuracy.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Storage Capacity </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Computer processors have a significant advantage over the human brain regarding storage capacity. Computer processors can store vast amounts of information, while the human brain has limited storage capacity. However, the human brain can create new connections between neurons, which can be used to store further information. Additionally, the human brain can store information in a highly interconnected manner, making recall and retrieval of data more efficient.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Re-programmability </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Computer processors are easily reprogrammable, which makes them highly flexible and adaptable to new tasks. On the other hand, changing the human brain's basic processing capabilities is impossible. However, the human brain can learn and adapt to new information and experiences, improving performance over time.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Flexibility</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Computer processors can be reconfigured to perform various tasks, making them highly flexible. On the other hand, the human brain has limited flexibility and is specialized in specific tasks, such as recognizing faces, understanding language, and performing complex problem-solving.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Energy Efficiency </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The human brain has a significant advantage over computer processors regarding energy efficiency. The human brain consumes only about 20 watts of power. In contrast, computer processors consume much more energy, which makes the human brain highly efficient, enabling it to perform complex tasks for extended periods without requiring a break.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Creativity </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The human brain can think creatively, which is not present in computer processors. This allows the human brain to solve complex problems in novel and innovative ways and develop new ideas and concepts. On the other hand, computer processors can only perform tasks based on pre-existing algorithms and cannot generate new ideas independently.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Emotion and Experience </span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Finally, the human brain can experience emotions and subjective perception, which is impossible for computer processors. This allows humans to experience the world uniquely and personally and form deep connections based on shared experiences and emotions.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using artificial intelligence and machine learning to replicate the functions of the human brain. While these technologies have made great strides, there is still much we still need to understand about the workings of the human brain. It will likely be many years before we can create artificial intelligence that can match the complexity and versatility of the human brain.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In the meantime, combining the human brain and computer processors provides a powerful tool for solving complex problems and advancing our knowledge of the world. By leveraging the strengths of both systems, we can achieve new levels of understanding and innovation.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In conclusion, while the human brain and computer processors are different in many ways, they are both essential components of our lives and the advancement of technology. By working together, we can achieve great things and unlock new levels of understanding and innovation.</span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-89345375478712501292023-01-20T01:04:00.010+06:002023-09-29T23:06:14.656+06:00ChatGPT: An Advanced Language Model for Natural Language Processing<p><span style="font-family: arial;">ChatGPT, or the Generative Pre-trained Transformer, is a state-of-the-art language model developed by <a href="https://openai.com/" target="_blank">OpenAI</a>. It was introduced in 2018 to improve the original GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) model.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">One of the key features of <a href="https://chat.openai.com/chat" target="_blank">ChatGPT </a>is its ability to understand the context and generate more natural and conversational responses. This is achieved by training the model on a massive amount of text data, allowing it to learn the nuances of human language.</span></p>
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</tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaRg5fH99LcJkHkdGOvQCfVS2F49urKwIlhLjOULDGrqRNsVB1c6MEXNf7A7MzWnLo8iW4eGj7LwGK-LYb8YATWkYcdoz4jT0M17vkRd-7kFjJ3vuLzEffcgt4wFdSwnPOZwvXanlQZyvSP5WF_fzGXTjp0xZCxoSX5nf8EFFnsG9CR2NaNH7-CRcgkA/s1186/An%20Advanced%20Language%20Model%20for%20Natural%20Language%20Processing.webp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="ChatGPT: An Advanced Language Model" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1186" height="389" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaRg5fH99LcJkHkdGOvQCfVS2F49urKwIlhLjOULDGrqRNsVB1c6MEXNf7A7MzWnLo8iW4eGj7LwGK-LYb8YATWkYcdoz4jT0M17vkRd-7kFjJ3vuLzEffcgt4wFdSwnPOZwvXanlQZyvSP5WF_fzGXTjp0xZCxoSX5nf8EFFnsG9CR2NaNH7-CRcgkA/w640-h389/An%20Advanced%20Language%20Model%20for%20Natural%20Language%20Processing.webp" title="ChatGPT: An Advanced Language Model" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ChatGPT: An Advanced Language Model</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Since its introduction, ChatGPT has been used in various applications, such as chatbots, language translation, and content creation. In 2019, OpenAI released an API for ChatGPT, making it easily accessible to developers and businesses.</span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In 2020, OpenAI released GPT-3, a more powerful version of ChatGPT. GPT-3 has 175 billion parameters, which is significantly more than the previous models, GPT-2 and ChatGPT, which had 1.5 billion and 774 million parameters, respectively.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">GPT-3 performed a wide variety of natural language processing tasks, such as language translation, summarization, and question answering, with high accuracy. Its ability to generate human-like text has also been demonstrated in creative writing and programming tasks.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">In recent years, ChatGPT and its descendants have been used in various industries and domains, such as customer service, education, healthcare, and entertainment. Several open-source and commercial tools and platforms allow users to fine-tune pre-trained models such as ChatGPT, GPT-2, and GPT-3 for specific use cases.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Overall, ChatGPT and its successors have become increasingly important tools in natural language processing and have the potential to revolutionize the way we interact with technology.</span></p>
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<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">What is ChatGPT, and how does it work? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">ChatGPT, or the Generative Pre-trained Transformer, is a state-of-the-art language model developed by OpenAI. It uses machine-learning techniques to generate human-like text. It is trained on a massive amount of text data, allowing it to understand the nuances of human language and generate more natural and conversational responses.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">How is ChatGPT different from other language models? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">ChatGPT is a transformer-based model, a type of neural network architecture that is very effective in natural language processing tasks. It is also pre-trained on a massive amount of text data, which allows it to understand the context and generate more natural responses than other language models.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">What are some everyday use cases for ChatGPT? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">ChatGPT can be used in various applications such as chatbots, language translation, and content creation. It has been used to generate text, summarize and answer questions, and create chatbot and language models for various industries such as customer service, education, healthcare, and entertainment.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">How can ChatGPT be used in businesses and industries? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">ChatGPT can improve customer service chatbots, assist in language translation, generate content for websites, social media, marketing, and many other tasks. Businesses can also use ChatGPT to analyze customer feedback, improve search engine optimization, and many other areas.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">How does ChatGPT understand context? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">ChatGPT is trained on a large corpus of text data, which allows it to understand the context of a given prompt or conversation. The model uses this context understanding to generate more natural and conversational responses.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">What's the difference between ChatGPT and GPT-3? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">GPT-3 is a larger and more powerful version of ChatGPT. GPT-3 has 175 billion parameters, which is significantly more than the previous models, GPT-2 and ChatGPT, which had 1.5 billion and 774 million parameters, respectively. GPT-3 can perform a wide variety of natural language processing tasks, such as language translation, summarization, and question answering, with high accuracy.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Can ChatGPT replace Google or other search engines? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">While ChatGPT has advanced capabilities in natural language processing, it currently needs to be designed to replace Google or other search engines. ChatGPT is mainly used for specific tasks, while Google is a general-purpose search engine that combines page ranking, natural language processing, and machine learning to provide accurate search results.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">How do I access and use ChatGPT's API? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">OpenAI provides an API for ChatGPT that allows developers to access and integrate its capabilities into their applications. To use the API, you must create an account with OpenAI and obtain an API key. Detailed documentation and tutorials are available on the OpenAI website to help you get started.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Can ChatGPT be fine-tuned for specific tasks? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">ChatGPT and its descendants can be fine-tuned for specific tasks by training them on a smaller dataset relevant to the job. This process is known as fine-tuning and allows the model to learn task-specific information while retaining the knowledge it has gained from pre-training.</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">How does ChatGPT compare to other NLP models regarding accuracy and performance? </span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">ChatGPT and its successors are among the industry's most advanced and accurate NLP models. They have been trained on massive amounts of text data, allowing them to understand human language's nuances and generate more natural and conversational responses. However, it's important to note that the performance of a language model will depend on the task and the quality of the data it was trained on. Furthermore, other language models and techniques, such as BERT and transformer-based models, might perform better on specific NLP tasks. It's essential to evaluate the model based on your use case and select the one that performs the best.</span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;">Future of OpenAI ChatGPT</span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The future of ChatGPT and its descendants looks promising as the field of natural language processing continues to evolve and improve. As more data becomes available for training and the technology improves, language models like ChatGPT will likely become even more accurate and versatile.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">One area where ChatGPT and similar models could play a significant role in conversational AI. ChatGPT and its descendants have demonstrated the ability to generate natural and fluent responses, making it a strong candidate for use in chatbots and virtual assistants.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Another area of potential growth is content creation. ChatGPT and its descendants can generate text similar to that written by humans. This could be used to create news articles, social media posts, and other content types, saving content creators time and effort.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Additionally, with the advent of language models like GPT-3, there is also a potential for these models to be used in more complex and sophisticated tasks such as language translation, summarization, and question-answering.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Soon, it's expected that these models will continue to grow and be integrated into various industries such as finance, healthcare, and education. Moreover, increasingly, businesses will use these models to automate multiple tasks and improve efficiency.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">In summary, the future of ChatGPT and its descendants looks promising as the technology continues to improve and more use cases are discovered and developed. The advancements in NLP technology will enable more natural and efficient human-computer interactions.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Video Demonstration on OpenAI's ChatGPT:</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This video will demonstrate OpenAI's ChatGPT, a powerful language model that can generate human-like text. We will be showcasing the different capabilities of ChatGPT, including its ability to answer questions, write descriptive paragraphs, and even generate computer code. We will also provide examples of how ChatGPT can be used in various industries, such as customer service, content creation, and more. By the end of this video, you will better understand the capabilities of ChatGPT and how it can be used to improve efficiency and productivity in different fields.</span></p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bFGwUrcgmYQ" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>
Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com1United States37.09024 -95.712891-3.8996330062237874 -166.025391 78.0801130062238 -25.400391tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-71931755102395900712023-01-15T20:19:00.001+06:002023-01-15T20:19:14.210+06:00Interfacing ZKT UHF1-10E RFID Reader with Arduino: Unlocking Power of RFID with Microcontroller Platforms<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> The ZKT UHF1-10E is a UHF RFID reader module that can be integrated into various systems. It uses the EPC C1G2 protocol and can read and write to UHF RFID tags. It supports a frequency range of 860-960 MHz and has a maximum read distance of up to 10 meters, depending on the tag and the environment. It has a variety of interfaces, such as RS232, RS485, and Wiegand, which can be used to connect to a host system. The module can be controlled using the AT commands and output the data in various formats, such as ASCII or hexadecimal. It can be used in multiple applications, such as inventory management, asset tracking, and access control.</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgADNhPYDFwIw94eHcuFeG6LSOQHpos_y0CFufX206qlMWnFdryA8W6mu6MDYYkvVLnxU35-E_YzwbuIJ_4LFJ8T6U_3-B-GTYRdldVx8boRxHsO2dKYU89IgwV0N1RHQ-uSHfDDu601AZhMiW2nHlHSg55GKL-AN7L63tFV2MTUG3UYZYKFGiYeilatA/s498/Interfacing%20the%20ZKT%20UHF1-10E%20RFID%20Reader%20with%20Arduino.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Interfacing the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID Reader with Arduino" border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="431" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgADNhPYDFwIw94eHcuFeG6LSOQHpos_y0CFufX206qlMWnFdryA8W6mu6MDYYkvVLnxU35-E_YzwbuIJ_4LFJ8T6U_3-B-GTYRdldVx8boRxHsO2dKYU89IgwV0N1RHQ-uSHfDDu601AZhMiW2nHlHSg55GKL-AN7L63tFV2MTUG3UYZYKFGiYeilatA/w346-h400/Interfacing%20the%20ZKT%20UHF1-10E%20RFID%20Reader%20with%20Arduino.jpeg" title="Interfacing the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID Reader with Arduino" width="346" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Interfacing the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID Reader</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Maximizing Efficiency with the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID Reader Module: Applications in Inventory Management, Asset Tracking, and Performance Analysis.</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">An example of using the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module would be an inventory management system for a warehouse. The module would be connected to a host computer or a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) using the RS232 interface. The computer or PLC would run software that communicates with the module using AT commands to control the module's settings and read data from RFID tags.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">When the module reads an RFID tag, the module sends the tag's unique ID number to the host computer or PLC, which would then look up the item associated with that tag in a database and increment or decrement the item's quantity on hand.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The system could also be used with fixed RFID readers at entry and exit points of the warehouse to automatically track the movement of items in and out of the warehouse, providing real-time inventory information and enabling inventory tracking in real-time.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Additionally, the system could be used in access control applications by connecting it with a door lock or turnstile mechanism. The RFID tag would be programmed with access control information and used to control access to restricted areas of a building based on the user's access level.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">AT Commands for the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID Reader</span></h3><div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">AT commands control and configure the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module. Here are a few examples of AT commands that can be used to control the module:</span></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>AT+ADDRESS=<address></b>: This command sets the module's address, where <address> is between 1 and 255. This is used to set the address of the module when multiple modules are connected to a single host.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>AT+FREQUENCY=<frequency></b>: This command sets the frequency of the module, where <frequency> is a value between 860 and 960 MHz. This is used to set the module's operating frequency to match the frequency of the RFID tags.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>AT+POWER=<power></b>: This command sets the module's output power, where <power> is a value between 0 and 30 dBm. This is used to adjust the range of the module, with higher power settings resulting in greater read distances.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>AT+INVENTORY</b>: This command initiates an inventory operation, where the module will begin reading RFID tags and sending their ID numbers to the host.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>AT+TAG=<tag></b>: This command writes the specified data to an RFID tag.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>AT+QUERY</b>: This command checks the module's status, returning a value of 0 if the module is idle and a value of 1 if the module is currently performing an operation (such as inventory or read/write).</span></span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Connecting the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID Reader to Arduino</span></h3></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Interfacing the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module with an Arduino microcontroller is relatively simple.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The module can be connected to the Arduino using the serial communication interface (TX and RX pins).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here's a basic example of how you might connect the module to an Arduino:</span></p><div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Connect the RX pin of the module to the TX pin of the Arduino.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Connect the module's TX pin to the Arduino's RX pin.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Connect the module's GND pin to the Arduino's GND pin.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Connect the VCC pin of the module to the 5V pin of the Arduino.</span></span></li></ol>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Once the physical connection is made, you can then use the Arduino's serial communication functions (such as Serial.begin(), Serial.write(), and Serial.read()) to send and receive data from the module.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Arduino Code to interface ZKT UHF1-10E RFID Reader with Arduino</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here's an example of how you can use the Arduino's serial communication functions to send an AT command to the module and read the response:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><p style="text-align: left;"><strike>#include <SoftwareSerial.h> // include the SoftwareSerial library<br />SoftwareSerial mySerial(10, 11); // create a software serial object<br />void setup() {<br /> mySerial.begin(9600); // set the baud rate of the software serial<br /> Serial.begin(9600);<br />}<br />void loop() {<br /> mySerial.write("AT+INVENTORY\r\n"); // send the "AT+INVENTORY" command to the module<br /> delay(1000); // wait for the module to process the command<br /> if (mySerial.available() > 0) {<br /> String response = mySerial.readString(); // read the response from the module<br /> Serial.println(response); // print the response to the serial monitor<br /> }<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p></span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This code uses the SoftwareSerial library to create a software serial object and connects the module to the Arduino using digital pins 10 and 11. </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">This example will initiate an inventory operation and wait a second to receive the response. The response contains the data of the RFID tags being read by the module if any.</span></p><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><h3 style="text-align: left;">Some use cases of the ZKT UHF1-10E RFID Reader:</h3><div><ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module for inventory management"</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"Integrating ZKT UHF1-10E into access control systems."</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"ZKT UHF1-10E RFID module for long-range asset tracking"</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"AT commands for controlling ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module."</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"Interfacing ZKT UHF1-10E with Arduino microcontroller"</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module for warehouse inventory management"</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module for RFID based security systems"</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module for long-distance RFID tracking"</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"EPC C1G2 protocol support in ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module"</span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">"ZKT UHF1-10E RFID module for real-time inventory tracking"</span></li></ul><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Summary</h3><div><p style="text-align: left;">The ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module is a high-performance UHF RFID reader that can be integrated into various systems for applications such as inventory management, asset tracking, and access control.</p><p style="text-align: left;">One of the key features of this module is its support for the EPC C1G2 protocol, which is widely used in UHF RFID tags. This allows it to read and write to a wide range of RFID tags operating within the 860-960 MHz frequency range. Additionally, the module boasts a maximum read distance of up to 10 meters, depending on the tag and the environment.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The ZKT UHF1-10E RFID reader module is a versatile, high-performance solution for many RFID-based applications. Its support for the EPC C1G2 protocol, multiple interfaces, and long read distance make it well-suited for various environments and applications.</p></div></span></div></div>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-78693203595137961492023-01-14T20:01:00.004+06:002023-09-29T23:06:49.832+06:00Bluetooth Communication Between the ESP32 and the Arduino<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Setting up Bluetooth communication between an ESP32 and an Arduino can be a great way to wirelessly connect your projects. This guide will show you how to establish a Bluetooth connection between an ESP32 and an Arduino using the popular and widely supported Bluetooth Serial library.</span></p>
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<td><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP32 and the Arduino Uno can communicate over Bluetooth.</span></td>
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</table><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The ESP32 and the Arduino Uno can communicate over Bluetooth. To do this, you must use a Bluetooth module compatible with Arduino. We are going to use the HC-05 Bluetooth module.
</span></p><h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Connecting Arduino Uno and HC-05 Bluetooth module</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the HC-05 Bluetooth module to the Arduino board. Connect the VCC, GND, RX, and TX pins of the module to the corresponding pins of the Arduino as follows:</span></p>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtwqheIRCPptKGDKZEp7Put1iNxkfP5Y0e4ooi4Xil-Ps0TRNQVpGx5WaVMebUyPmB1GSROJDCRxqv0clM4dt27O39ZTSY0JOYtx1zByT7bSU-4fyLJDVzTdkihK-Ntq9eWz1FAATOJIUERTJKmw54YdxL2tFqImMpihC0ySevPeABAJgOMO1sxkNAGA/s720/Bluetooth%20Communication%20Between%20the%20ESP32%20and%20the%20Arduino.png"><img alt="Bluetooth%20Communication%20Between%20the%20ESP32%20and%20the%20Arduino" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtwqheIRCPptKGDKZEp7Put1iNxkfP5Y0e4ooi4Xil-Ps0TRNQVpGx5WaVMebUyPmB1GSROJDCRxqv0clM4dt27O39ZTSY0JOYtx1zByT7bSU-4fyLJDVzTdkihK-Ntq9eWz1FAATOJIUERTJKmw54YdxL2tFqImMpihC0ySevPeABAJgOMO1sxkNAGA/w640-h360/Bluetooth%20Communication%20Between%20the%20ESP32%20and%20the%20Arduino.png" width="640" /></a>
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<td><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino UNO and HC-05 Bluetooth module circuit diagram</span></td>
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<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Coding Arduino Uno and ESP32 for Bluetooth communication</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Connect the ESP32 and the Arduino to your computer using the USB cable. We are going to use the <strong>SoftwareSerial</strong> library. To install the SoftwareSerial library, go to the "Sketch" menu and select "Include Library" > "SoftwareSerial."</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino Uno code for Bluetooth communication</span></h4>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Copy and upload the following Arduino code to the Arduino Uno board.</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><p><strike>#include <SoftwareSerial.h><br />SoftwareSerial BTSerial(2,3); // RX, TX<br />void setup() {<br /> Serial.begin(9600);<br /> BTSerial.begin(38400);<br />}<br />void loop() {<br /> if (BTSerial.available()) {<br /> Serial.write(BTSerial.read());<br /> }<br /> if (Serial.available()) {<br /> BTSerial.write(Serial.read());<br /> }<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p><h4 style="text-align: left;">ESP32 code for Bluetooth communication using Arduino IDE</h4></span></div>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">On the ESP32, use the BluetoothSerial library to set up a serial connection over Bluetooth. Let's install the Bluetooth Serial library on the Arduino by going to the "Sketch" menu and selecting "Include Library" > "BluetoothSerial".</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is the example code for the ESP32:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><p><strike>#include <BluetoothSerial.h><br />BluetoothSerial SerialBT;<br />void setup() {<br /> SerialBT.begin("ESP32"); // give the ESP32 a name<br />}<br />void loop() {<br /> if (SerialBT.available()) {<br /> char c = SerialBT.read();<br /> Serial.write(c);<br /> }<br /> if (Serial.available()) {<br /> char c = Serial.read();<br /> SerialBT.write(c);<br /> }<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><h3 style="text-align: left;">Summary</h3></span></div>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">In summary, Bluetooth communication between an ESP32 and an Arduino can be established using the popular and widely supported Bluetooth Serial library on the Arduino, and the ESP32 can be configured as a Bluetooth server. An HC-05 Bluetooth module can establish a wireless connection between the ESP32 and the Arduino. To pair the HC-05 Bluetooth module with another device, you can use AT commands to change the name and password of the module, put the module in pairing mode, locate other nearby Bluetooth devices, and bind and establish a connection with the desired device. You should consult the specific documentation of your HC-05 module and consult the AT commands set that the module supports.</span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-1416066944583596522023-01-12T13:24:00.008+06:002023-09-29T23:08:09.576+06:00Java To-Do List Application with Error Handling: Java Project<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> This "To-Do List" application is a simple command-line program written in Java that allows users to manage their tasks. The user can add new functions to the list, mark existing studies as complete, view the current list, and exit the program. The user interface is easy to use and navigate, making it an excellent tool for keeping track of daily tasks and staying organized. Error handling has been implemented to ensure the program functions smoothly and prevents errors from occurring during usage. This project is ideal for those looking to improve their productivity and stay on their to-do list.</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi0h0yIjfSZdZHf96iL_JbeIKnFaSg1JU_gjw8x4P3zYDCvaDLZ1FTuiTpXJT9h_RvmHuYypwuhJtlR9M-7wge00mcn46WuKOiOuQxkXVIMVudevyiBMlQ6mJc-QuY_K2m_4mRNuE6K3sRJtm6Bnaebm-LrbBnNomDSohGYnC4647qEtRL3uL9IRWW-Q/s842/Efficient%20Task%20Management%20Java%20Command-Line%20To%20Do%20List%20Application%20with%20Error%20Handling.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Efficient Task Management Java Command-Line To-Do List Application with Error Handling" border="0" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="842" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi0h0yIjfSZdZHf96iL_JbeIKnFaSg1JU_gjw8x4P3zYDCvaDLZ1FTuiTpXJT9h_RvmHuYypwuhJtlR9M-7wge00mcn46WuKOiOuQxkXVIMVudevyiBMlQ6mJc-QuY_K2m_4mRNuE6K3sRJtm6Bnaebm-LrbBnNomDSohGYnC4647qEtRL3uL9IRWW-Q/w640-h454/Efficient%20Task%20Management%20Java%20Command-Line%20To%20Do%20List%20Application%20with%20Error%20Handling.png" title="Efficient Task Management Java Command-Line To-Do List Application with Error Handling" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Java To-Do List Application with Error Handling</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Java-based To-Do List application is the ultimate tool for efficient task management. Whether you are a busy professional or a student, this command-line program will help you stay on top of your daily tasks and improve your productivity. With a user-friendly interface and error handling, the application is easy to use and navigate. The program uses an ArrayList to store task information and a text file to persist the data, making it a reliable and convenient organizational tool. With this task manager, you'll never forget important deadlines or tasks again. The To-Do List Application is perfect for improving task organization and overall productivity.</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">How to use the "To-Do List" application:</span></h3><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Run the program by executing the Java file.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The main menu will be displayed with the following options:</span></span></li><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li class="ql-indent-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Add task</span></span></li><li class="ql-indent-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Complete task</span></span></li><li class="ql-indent-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">View tasks</span></span></li><li class="ql-indent-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">edit Task</span></span></li><li class="ql-indent-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Exit</span></span></li></ol><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">To add a new task, select option 1 and enter the task description when prompted. The charge will be added to the list.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">To mark a task as complete, select option 2. The current list of functions will be displayed, and you'll be prompted to enter the task number you want to complete. Once you've entered the task number, the task will be removed from the list.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">To view the current list of tasks, select option 3. The program will display the list of functions and their corresponding numbers.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">To exit the program, select option 4. The program will close, and any tasks not completed will be saved to the text file.</span></span></li></ol><div><span style="color: #0e101a;"><br /></span></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Java code for To-Do list application:</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The complete code for the "To-Do List" application is a Java program that allows users to manage their tasks. The Java code is given below:</span></p><div>
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</div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Java Code explanation:</span></h3><div><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><p style="text-align: left;">The code begins by importing the necessary Java libraries, including java.io and Java. util. It then defines a class called "ToDoList" that contains all the required methods and variables for the application to function.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The class's primary method is the "main" method, which is the entry point for the application. It creates a Scanner object to read input from the user and initializes a variable to store the user's choice. The program then enters a while loop that will continue to execute until the user chooses to exit the program. Inside the circle, the program displays the main menu with options to add, complete, edit, view tasks, and leave the program. The user's choice is read and stored in the "choice" variable, and then a switch statement is used to determine which action to take based on the user's choice.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The "<b>addTask</b>" method adds a new task to the list. It prompts the user to enter a task description, which is then added to the ArrayList using the "add" method.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The "<b>completeTask</b>" method is used to mark a task as complete. It displays the current list of tasks, prompts the user to enter the task number they want to complete, and then removes the task from the ArrayList using the "remove" method.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The "<b>editTask</b>" method is used to edit an existing task. It displays the current list of tasks, prompts the user to enter the task number they want to edit, and then replaces the task from the ArrayList using the "set" method.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The "<b>viewTasks</b>" method displays the current list of tasks. It checks if the ArrayList is empty; if not, it loops through the ArrayList and shows each task along with its corresponding task number.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The "<b>exit</b>" method is used to exit the program, displays an "Exiting program" message, and terminates the program.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Additionally, the code includes error handling to catch any errors that might occur during input validation and to prevent any errors from occurring during usage. The program uses try-catch blocks to capture any InputMismatchExceptions and IndexOutOfBoundsExceptions that might occur and displays appropriate error messages.</p></span></div>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-35963860911030344232023-01-12T11:38:00.003+06:002023-01-12T11:43:36.187+06:00A Peek into the Futuristic Technologies Used in the 2022 FIFA World Cup<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The 2022 FIFA World Cup is one of human history's most remarkable and innovative sporting events. This is due to the cutting-edge technologies used during the event, taking the fan experience to a new level. From innovative digital stadiums to autonomous transport systems, the 2022 FIFA World Cup was an example of the latest advancements in technology and artificial intelligence. Due to the revolutionary technologies, the fan experience was taken to an entirely new level, and the 2022 FIFA World Cup was an example of the latest advancements in technology and AI. With these state-of-the-art technologies, the 2022 FIFA World Cup was an extraordinary event to remember.</span></p>
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<td><span style="font-family: arial;">FIFA World Cup 2022</span></td>
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<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The Qatar FIFA World Cup 2022 was the 22nd FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship. The hosting rights were awarded to Qatar in December 2010, and the tournament was staged in Qatar for the first time. It was the first World Cup held in the Arabian Peninsula and the first time the tournament took place outside Europe or South America. The matches took place between November 21 and December 18, 2022. With the anticipation of world-class football, the FIFA World Cup showcased a range of futuristic technologies, from automated drones to intelligent stadiums. These technologies were designed to ensure that the competition is run as smoothly and efficiently as possible, providing viewers with an experience unlike anything they've seen before.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Overview of the latest technological advancements in soccer</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Soccer has always been a sport where modern innovations have transformed the game from the inside out. Technology has advanced in all aspects of the game, from introducing the first synthetic grass field in the 1950s to using electronic boards for live scores. The latest technological advancements in soccer include: Artificial Intelligence (AI) referee assistance and Video Assistant Referee (VAR), advanced sensor technology, outdoor stadium cooling systems, 5G network coverage and connectivity, smart stadiums and smart ticketing, virtual reality, and augmented reality. These technologies were implemented in different phases across different regions during the 2022 FIFA World Cup. From smart-tracking systems to AI-powered video replays, there is no doubt that the 2022 FIFA World Cup took football to the next level.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">AI Referee Assistance and SAOT</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Since the early days of football, fans have dreamed of a day when they could rely on the assistance of technology to make decisions. With the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning, this dream became a reality. The AI referee assistance system is designed to help referees with match decisions by tracking and analyzing gameplay. New technologies are now helping to make the World Cup referees' tasks easier and more accurate. In fact, AI referees assistance and video assistant referee (VAR), implemented during the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, is a system that uses data-driven insights to improve soccer refereeing accuracy by 80%. The technology works by continuously analyzing every play during the game to detect possible fouls committed by players. The system alerts the referee if a foul is detected and recommends an appropriate punishment.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p>
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<span style="font-family: arial;">AI Referee Assistance and SAOT</span>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">To ensure that the technology is never biased against any team, the AI referees' assistance is programmed by a group of sports scientists, engineers, and data scientists who have designed it to be completely objective. VAR is a video-based system designed to correct refereeing mistakes through video replays. The system was tested by the International Football Association Board (IFAB) and FIFA at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and officially implemented at the 2018 FIFA World Cup. But in 2022, VAR got an upgrade using AI. It detects offsides on its own and alerts the video officials. This is called <a href="https://www.fifa.com/technical/football-technology/football-technologies-and-innovations-at-the-fifa-world-cup-2022/semi-automated-offside-technology">SAOT (Semi-Automated Offside Technology)</a> and is one of the most impressive technologies of the world cup. Offside was a crucial factor in every match in the FIFA World Cup 2022, so this is a significant game-changer.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.qatar2022.qa/en/tournament/stadiums/stadium-974"></a></span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Fully Demountable Stadium</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.qatar2022.qa/en/tournament/stadiums/stadium-974">Stadium 974</a> is the first-ever FIFA-compliant stadium that can be fully dismantled and used for another historical purpose. The brightly-colored, 44,089-seated stadium is situated at Ras Abu Aboud, an industrial district of Doha. In the interest of local community and city planning, Qatar avoided building permanent venues. This innovative stadium was inspired by a LEGO set and constructed using repurposed shipping containers. The number 974 is the international dialing code for Qatar and denotes the number of containers the stadium is built with.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4NhI00435wqme0Yl4bE-VkDj7nBCJLGI5_YC_zEd56aFB-DTDsO0ey0QvxDlV4COeEHnHxX8y0l3RkALSWRwoOwl8MEiDFi5Rcl7hDEa3V5sDdSU88JPefi9ToYY5ZLqf33dCI7IIWTzyoPI6I4obuzCCHC0mWkP-VXUk940j17EaiVU3VwPh8BMfXQ/s702/Fully%20Demountable%20Stadium%20(1).jpg"><img alt="Fully Demountable Stadium" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4NhI00435wqme0Yl4bE-VkDj7nBCJLGI5_YC_zEd56aFB-DTDsO0ey0QvxDlV4COeEHnHxX8y0l3RkALSWRwoOwl8MEiDFi5Rcl7hDEa3V5sDdSU88JPefi9ToYY5ZLqf33dCI7IIWTzyoPI6I4obuzCCHC0mWkP-VXUk940j17EaiVU3VwPh8BMfXQ/w640-h400/Fully%20Demountable%20Stadium%20(1).jpg" width="640" /></a>
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<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Outdoor Stadium Cooling Systems</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The heat was a huge challenge for football fans visiting Qatar for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. However, the host country had devised an ingenious cooling system to keep fans comfortable during the games. This cooling system is powered by solar energy and cleans the surrounding air. This provided a much more enjoyable experience. For the first time in sporting history, fans were able to enjoy games in comfortable temperatures despite having an unpleasant country-wise environment.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfjqTLXKOCek1CS0geSM9eXqWy489kNlwg2FHfTT05kwQYa5Um9-ZZhOQ1rnDZDDqRE-e01k_DQVy-d1wIoKO21O5yqjASsyl9S_CBhT4l9MpjXN5AINirnrqEVX8i1dXhJu5zPbC8wQSIYgeZB20oBYgJFob5HhUSNkzvLVy3qM_ftUtdfycuG8Ej7w/s606/Khalifa-International-Stadium_3_Cooling-Tech%20(1).jpg"><img alt="Outdoor Stadium Cooling Systems" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfjqTLXKOCek1CS0geSM9eXqWy489kNlwg2FHfTT05kwQYa5Um9-ZZhOQ1rnDZDDqRE-e01k_DQVy-d1wIoKO21O5yqjASsyl9S_CBhT4l9MpjXN5AINirnrqEVX8i1dXhJu5zPbC8wQSIYgeZB20oBYgJFob5HhUSNkzvLVy3qM_ftUtdfycuG8Ej7w/w640-h354/Khalifa-International-Stadium_3_Cooling-Tech%20(1).jpg" width="640" /></a>
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<td><span style="font-family: arial;">Outdoor Stadium Cooling Systems</span></td>
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</table><span style="font-family: arial;"> New cooling systems reduced the temperature inside stadiums by 8-10°C. The cooling system's pipes were installed outside each stadium, and the water used in the system was recycled. Cool water is circulated into the stadium through pressure pipes to maintain a consistent temperature. The cooling systems were powered by solar panels installed on the stadiums' roofs. The solar panels generate more than enough power to run the cooling systems, and excess energy is transferred to the grid for use by nearby homes and businesses. The cooling systems improved player performance and enhanced the experience for spectators. Fans also had the option to adjust the temperature in their seating sections using a smartphone app.
</span><h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Augmented Reality (AR) Experience</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Augmented reality is a technology that has grown in popularity in recent years. AR is a technology that superimposes digital images on top of real-world scenes. It allows the real world to be enhanced and modified with digital content. During the 2022 FIFA World Cup, fans experienced an entirely new level of football watching. With a smartphone app, fans could transform the entire stadium experience and enjoy a completely immersive football-watching experience.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZD95IUuOpz5dxfOnMrZCalnTxvL5CMvAzXdf4DJ-U_ucLUIZufzfmony9bvRSW8LbNlwc0YRUj8erSGUW5P8q0zHiK6IE31U4D3WlBEP2KmkO-rAumGsDEfpoedN6Szy2NeAoNZBP209EXwfMR0zCURAoyxGM9NtL1FD2t9jdUspIxXh2Pdzgx2w_7Q/s1600/Augmented%20Reality%20(AR)%20Experience.webp"><img alt="Augmented Reality (AR) Experience in FIFA world cup 2022" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZD95IUuOpz5dxfOnMrZCalnTxvL5CMvAzXdf4DJ-U_ucLUIZufzfmony9bvRSW8LbNlwc0YRUj8erSGUW5P8q0zHiK6IE31U4D3WlBEP2KmkO-rAumGsDEfpoedN6Szy2NeAoNZBP209EXwfMR0zCURAoyxGM9NtL1FD2t9jdUspIxXh2Pdzgx2w_7Q/w640-h336/Augmented%20Reality%20(AR)%20Experience.webp" width="640" /></a>
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<td><span style="font-family: arial;">Augmented Reality (AR) Experience in FIFA world cup 2022 </span></td>
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</table><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://twitter.com/nocontextfooty/status/1598396367331729408">A spectator using AR to improve the match viewing experience</a>.
</span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Using that app, spectators could click on any player to reveal their name, team, and key stats, including how fast they ran in real time. From the fan's point of view identifying the player alone could be a struggle. "We would like to share our vision of using data analytics combined with technical expert interpretation to create a new football intelligence, allowing everyone to understand the game better," says <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Wenger">Arsène Wenger</a>, chief of global football development at FIFA. "Enhanced football intelligence will be our blueprint for how we analyze football in the future."</span></p>
<h3><a href="https://bonocle.co/"><span style="font-family: arial;">Bonocle</span></a></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The FIFA World Cup 2022 organizers have used the Bonocle and Feelix Palm to make the game more enjoyable for visually impaired fans. "Bonocle will enable the blind community worldwide to experience the World Cup in 2022 in new ways that were never available. It will improve their ability to move around Doha with fewer restrictions and more freedom to navigate and interact," said Abdelrazek Aly, the founder. The digital content of the world cup will be converted to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille">Braille</a> by Feelix Palm in real-time so that the visually impaired fans can engage with the enjoyment. </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: arial;">There is also another great technology that was not mentioned above. Such as the Official ball Al Rihla, which is built with a motion sensor in its center. This ball contributed significantly to <a href="https://www.fifa.com/technical/media-releases/semi-automated-offside-technology-to-be-used-at-fifa-world-cup-2022-tm">SAOT (Semi-Automated Offside Technology).</a> Also, the 5G connectivity throughout the country gave digital connectivity a full boost. 5G enabled high-speed internet connections with a download speed of around 800 Mbps.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion</span></h3>
<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The 2022 FIFA World Cup was sure to be a spectacle. The event will surely be historic and memorable as the first World Cup hosted in the Middle East and the first winter World Cup. This is due to the cutting-edge technologies used during the event, taking the fan experience to a new level. The 2022 FIFA World Cup will be an example of technological and artificial intelligence advancements, from innovative digital stadiums to autonomous transport systems. From AI referee's assistance and VAR to new stadium cooling systems and 5G network coverage and connectivity, the 2022 World Cup showcases technological advancements. These technologies are being tested and implemented in different phases across different regions during the upcoming soccer tournament. This means that fans will have more opportunities to experience the World Cup in a new way.</span></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-47059673497066641832023-01-08T11:46:00.004+06:002023-05-02T20:22:13.895+06:00How to Display Unicode Fonts on TFT Display using TFT_eSPI Arduino Library?<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0e101a;">The TFT_eSPI library is an open-source library for Arduino that allows you to display images, draw shapes, and write text on a TFT display using a simple and intuitive API. It is designed to be used with the ESP8266 and ESP32 microcontrollers, but it should work with any Arduino board with an SPI interface. The library supports many TFT displays, including those with an ILI9341, ILI9488, ST7735, S6D02A1, and ILI9481 controller.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0e101a;">You must follow these steps to display Unicode fonts on an ESP32 TFT display using the Arduino IDE.</span></span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcuaA_N-I4Rc4yjE1NnaJwmYytylEIof-dygGrzKPpGhYcVaf9PzqnuJ4S9NepKG584eqbgm2Jtx8Y8m-rubHlR47Iso26eTL50_d4YxmxvfFzMBBGZNs8GlNMCyvHGK4rjC1jLQ7inL82Wh55_mnGBHJ4UZ4iA0mzPYcoG_HajpLRtWHQa5yit5fylg/s330/esp32_tft_eSPI%20library%20display%20unicode.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="330" data-original-width="250" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcuaA_N-I4Rc4yjE1NnaJwmYytylEIof-dygGrzKPpGhYcVaf9PzqnuJ4S9NepKG584eqbgm2Jtx8Y8m-rubHlR47Iso26eTL50_d4YxmxvfFzMBBGZNs8GlNMCyvHGK4rjC1jLQ7inL82Wh55_mnGBHJ4UZ4iA0mzPYcoG_HajpLRtWHQa5yit5fylg/s320/esp32_tft_eSPI%20library%20display%20unicode.png" width="242" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0e101a;"><br /></span></span><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 1: Install the Arduino TFT library:</span></h3><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Go to Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries in the Arduino IDE. Search for "TFT" and install the Arduino TFT_eSPI library by Bodmer.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 2: Install the Arduino Unicode library:</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Go to Sketch> Include Library > Manage Libraries in the Arduino IDE. Search for "Unicode" and install the Arduino Unicode library.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 3: </span>Connect your TFT display to the ESP32 using the appropriate pins</h3><p> <b> TFT Display ESP32</b></p><p> GND ------------- GND</p><p> VCC ------------- 3.3V</p><p> CLK ------------- SCK (GPIO18)</p><p> MOSI ------------ MOSI (GPIO23)</p><p> MISO ------------ MISO (GPIO19)</p><p> CS ------------ CS (GPIO5)</p><p> RES ------------ RST (GPIO16)</p><p> DC ------------ DC (GPIO17)</p><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 4: </span>Include the necessary libraries in your Sketch:</h3><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></div><blockquote><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">#include <TFT.h></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">#include <Unicode.h>code-box</span></div></blockquote><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></div></div><div><br /></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 5: </span>Initialize the TFT display and Unicode library in your setup() function:</h3><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div><blockquote><div><span style="font-family: arial;">TFT TFTscreen = TFT(CS_PIN, DC_PIN, RST_PIN);</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Unicode_UTF8_enable(true);</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">TFTscreen.begin();</span></div></blockquote><div><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div></div><div><strike><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></strike></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 6: </span>To display a Unicode character on the TFT display, you can use the print () function of the TFT library and pass in the Unicode value of nature as an argument. For example, to display the Unicode character "Ω" (ohm symbol), you can use the following code:</h3><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><strike>TFTscreen.print((char)937);<b>code-box</b></strike></span></div></div><div><br /></div><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #0e101a; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Step 7: </span>You can also use the Unicode library to display Unicode strings. For example, to display the string "Hello, World!" in Japanese, you can use the following code:</h3><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><strike>TFTscreen.print(UTF8_to_Unicode("こんにちは、世界!"));<b>code-box</b></strike></span></div></div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The complete example Arduino code to display Unicode Fonts on Esp32 TFT Display</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This is an example code. You should change the pin configuration. The Sketch that demonstrates how to display the string "Hello, World!" in Japanese on a TFT display using the Arduino IDE:</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><div style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial;">#include <TFT.h> // include the TFT library<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#include <Unicode.h> // include the Unicode library<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#define CS_PIN 5 // define the pin for the chip select<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#define DC_PIN 17 // define the pin for the data/command signal<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">#define RST_PIN 16 // define the pin for the reset signal<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">TFT TFTscreen = TFT(CS_PIN, DC_PIN, RST_PIN); // create a TFT object<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void setup() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Unicode_UTF8_enable(true); // enable UTF8 support in the Unicode library<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> TFTscreen.begin(); // initialize the TFT display<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> TFTscreen.print(UTF8_to_Unicode("こんにちは、世界!")); // print the string "Hello, World!" in Japanese.<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">void loop() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> // nothing to do in the loop<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">}<b>code-box</b></span></strike></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This Sketch first includes the TFT and Unicode libraries, then defines the pins for the chip select, data/command, and reset signals. It then creates a TFT object and initializes the TFT display in the setup() function. In the loop() function, it uses the print() part of the TFT library to display the string "Hello, World!" in Japanese.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6995178116588215115.post-26423545016011000042023-01-04T12:07:00.007+06:002023-05-21T22:49:46.695+06:00Serial Communication Between Arduino and ESP32 CAM
<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Serial communication transmits data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel or computer bus. In the context of Arduino and ESP32, serial communication refers to the transmission of data serially over a single wire or communication line rather than in parallel over multiple wires.</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGmZjaHXOjTi7FQwMA11l4BUXI3kcRv5VLBEnTCXRZPKZAiNCmXZm7EXdqL9KBJpULV5S3VGYt2fGEUmdmNkzo4A15Hkuwr3g9-irJF4XmovS6lurVpYuohb3pvDO8HF5ymd3OmwvUGtNaz7PtojGMQDml2-SyutJ0susIOq1FTKPzqx_Muc8VbIVQGw/s500/Serial%20communication%20SPI%20between%20Arduino%20and%20ESP32%20CAM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Serial communication between Arduino and ESP32 CAM" border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="500" height="493" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGmZjaHXOjTi7FQwMA11l4BUXI3kcRv5VLBEnTCXRZPKZAiNCmXZm7EXdqL9KBJpULV5S3VGYt2fGEUmdmNkzo4A15Hkuwr3g9-irJF4XmovS6lurVpYuohb3pvDO8HF5ymd3OmwvUGtNaz7PtojGMQDml2-SyutJ0susIOq1FTKPzqx_Muc8VbIVQGw/w640-h493/Serial%20communication%20SPI%20between%20Arduino%20and%20ESP32%20CAM.png" title="Serial communication between Arduino and ESP32 CAM" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Serial communication between Arduino and ESP32 CAM</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Two main types of serial communication are commonly used with Arduino and ESP32:</span></span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Asynchronous serial communication</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: Data is transmitted without a clock signal in asynchronous serial communication. Instead, each data frame's start and stop bits are used to synchronize the communication. Asynchronous serial communication is commonly used for communication over long distances, such as with modems.</span></span></li><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Synchronous serial communication</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">: A clock signal synchronizes data transmission in synchronous serial communication. Synchronous serial communication is typically faster than asynchronous serial communication and is often used for communication between devices on a single circuit board or over short distances.</span></span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Both Arduino and ESP32 support both asynchronous and synchronous serial communication. The Arduino Uno has a single hardware serial port (UART) that can be used for serial communication, while the ESP32 has multiple hardware UARTs that can be used for serial communication. Arduino and ESP32 support software-based serial communication using libraries such as SoftwareSerial (for Arduino) and HardwareSerial (for ESP32).</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Circuit diagram of Serial communication between Arduino and ESP32</span>:</h3><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The voltage levels of the Arduino Uno and ESP32 are not compatible with direct communication without some form of voltage level shifting. The Arduino Uno operates at 5 volts, while the ESP32 operates at 3.3 volts. If you connect the RX and TX pins of the Arduino Uno and ESP32 directly, you could damage the ESP32 due to the higher voltage.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">One way to safely establish serial communication between the Arduino Uno and ESP32 is to use a voltage divider circuit to step down the voltage from the Arduino Uno to a level compatible with the ESP32. A voltage divider is a simple circuit that consists of two resistors connected in series. The voltage at the center point between the two resistors is given by:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Vout = Vin * R2 / (R1 + R2)</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">To use a voltage divider to step down the voltage from the Arduino Uno to the ESP32, you would connect the Arduino Uno's RX pin to one end of the voltage divider and the ESP32's RX pin to the other end. You would then connect the center point of the voltage divider to the ESP32's RX pin.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here is an example circuit that demonstrates how you can use a voltage divider to establish serial communication between an Arduino Uno and an ESP32:</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMCelw4nIXlc9Hn8DkfXaKJKS_Fi0kqPB13Ah0pJwjiT3_r9bF2eqCWUiw1MEsECsV6VEz3kC0EDl16MSwEmS4gF2Xmwh5tTuwZqMpCsC7a4B0egtAWZ6i_6TvLKCgVD1HwEPgoVQngtBXotE_usrEUYsr2w4juketV-c24LopLIzkYS2RCHXs11hoCg/s434/Serial%20communication%20between%20Arduino%20and%20ESP32%20CAM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="434" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMCelw4nIXlc9Hn8DkfXaKJKS_Fi0kqPB13Ah0pJwjiT3_r9bF2eqCWUiw1MEsECsV6VEz3kC0EDl16MSwEmS4gF2Xmwh5tTuwZqMpCsC7a4B0egtAWZ6i_6TvLKCgVD1HwEPgoVQngtBXotE_usrEUYsr2w4juketV-c24LopLIzkYS2RCHXs11hoCg/w400-h355/Serial%20communication%20between%20Arduino%20and%20ESP32%20CAM.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Voltage divider</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In this circuit, R1 is a 10K ohm resistor, and R2 is a 4.7K ohm resistor. This results in a voltage of 3.3 volts at the center point between the two resistors. This voltage is compatible with the ESP32 and can be used to establish serial communication between the Arduino Uno and ESP32.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Remember that you will need to connect the TX pin of the Arduino Uno to the TX pin of the ESP32 similarly, using a voltage divider to step down the voltage from the ESP32 to a level compatible with the Arduino Uno.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">After implementing the voltage divider in between Arduino TX and ESP32 RX, the circuit will look like the following:</span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFT2HKdtaveGVWe7Bjohl0q9gAyjRJwQK2vTxW2mN6wMfzvK1V9XuCb3tcGzWXBPeZ1ByifnSGotRV7Bo_jHELRcpqRSVLwqyxAeOXHNXciaoolIqeG_liCTQ0CfexRCL_S19ILaYeGYERHuc_IkQK3vukCQuiPg-B3E1q5osUPbrc20JG7VTdDl_IJw/s625/Serial%20communication%20(SPI)%20between%20Arduino%20and%20ESP32%20CAM%20(1).png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Serial Communication Between Arduino and ESP32 CAM" border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="625" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFT2HKdtaveGVWe7Bjohl0q9gAyjRJwQK2vTxW2mN6wMfzvK1V9XuCb3tcGzWXBPeZ1ByifnSGotRV7Bo_jHELRcpqRSVLwqyxAeOXHNXciaoolIqeG_liCTQ0CfexRCL_S19ILaYeGYERHuc_IkQK3vukCQuiPg-B3E1q5osUPbrc20JG7VTdDl_IJw/s16000/Serial%20communication%20(SPI)%20between%20Arduino%20and%20ESP32%20CAM%20(1).png" title="Serial Communication Between Arduino and ESP32 CAM" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Arduino ESP32 Serial Communication with Voltage Divider</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Code for ESP32 CAM:</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here is an example of how you can establish serial communication between an Arduino Uno and an ESP32-CAM:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><strike><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">#include <Arduino.h><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">void setup() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> Serial.begin(115200); // Initialize the hardware serial port<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">}<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">void loop() {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> if (Serial.available()) {<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> char data = Serial.read();<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> // Process the received data here<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> // Echo back the data to the serial port<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> Serial.write(data);<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> }<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">}<b>code-box</b></span></strike></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In the ESP32-CAM code, we use the built-in Serial object to communicate with the Arduino Uno. On the Arduino Uno side, we create a SoftwareSerial object mySerial and initialize it with the RX and TX pins (in this case, pins 2 and 3). The mySerial object is used to communicate with the ESP32-CAM.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Code for Arduino</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In Arduino, upload the following code:</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><p><strike>#include <SoftwareSerial.h><br />SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3); // RX, TX pins for SoftwareSerial<br />void setup() {<br /> Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize the hardware serial port for debugging<br /> mySerial.begin(115200); // Initialize the software serial port<br />}<br />void loop() {<br /> if (mySerial.available()) {<br /> char data = mySerial.read();<br /> // Process the received data here<br /> // Echo back the data to the serial port<br /> mySerial.write(data);<br /> }<br />}<b>code-box</b></strike></p></span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Make sure you have the <b>SoftwareSerial </b>library installed on your Arduino
IDE. You can install it by going to "<b>Sketch -> Include Library ->
Manage Libraries</b>" and searching for "SoftwareSerial."</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">It's important to note that the baud rate, the speed at which the data is transmitted, must be the same on both the Arduino and the ESP32 CAM for the communication to work correctly.</span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The video documentation on Arduino and ESP32 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Serial Communication</span></span></h3></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here is a YouTube video that demonstrates how to establish serial communication between the Arduino and the ESP32 using the Arduino IDE:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="318" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_A2KwuiE7Ww" width="382" youtube-src-id="_A2KwuiE7Ww"></iframe></div></div><h3 style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Recap</span></h3><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This article is a comprehensive guide for establishing serial communication between an Arduino and an ESP32-CAM module. It offers detailed example code, emphasizes the utilization of the SoftwareSerial library for the Arduino, and underscores the significance of matching baud rates to ensure seamless data exchange. By following the step-by-step instructions outlined in the article, you can establish reliable and effective serial communication, thus unlocking the full potential of Arduino-ESP32-CAM projects.</span></p><p></p>Life Hackerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14806422010680652133noreply@blogger.com11